Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence,
prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional …

Background Residential wood combustion is now recognized as a major particle source in
many developed countries, and the number of studies investigating the negative health …

Background: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as a health hazard, both
in industry and in general populations with high exposure. Under the currently prevailing …

Background Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of
the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological …

Background As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-
fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global …

Background Monitoring levels and trends in premature mortality is crucial to understanding
how societies can address prominent sources of early death. The Global Burden of Disease …

Importance Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on
the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. Objective To estimate …

Summary Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study
2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the …

Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations
requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of …

Background: The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many
regions of the world. Objectives: The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated …