Background Bicycling has the potential to improve fitness, diminish obesity, and reduce
noise, air pollution, and greenhouse gases associated with travel. However, bicyclists incur …

Community based case–control studies are an efficient means to study disease aetiologies,
and may be the only practical means to investigate rare diseases. However, exposure …

The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains obscure. Current research suggests that a
variety of occupational and environmental risk factors may be linked to PD. This paper …

In a survey of 1,402 current and potential cyclists in Metro Vancouver, 73 motivators and
deterrents of cycling were evaluated. The top motivators, consistent among regular, frequent …

A growing body of evidence links the built environment to physical activity levels, health
outcomes, and transportation behaviors. However, little of this research has focused on …

Objectives. We compared cycling injury risks of 14 route types and other route infrastructure
features. Methods. We recruited 690 city residents injured while cycling in Toronto or …

BACKGROUND: Increasing utilitarian bicycling in urban areas is a means to reduce air and
noise pollution, increase physical activity, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. We …

Purpose. To provide evidence about the types of transportation infrastructure that support
bicycling. Design. Population-based survey with pictures to depict 16 route types. Setting …

Current travel demand models are calibrated for motorized transportation and do not
perform as well for nonmotorized modes. Little evidence exists on how much, and for what …

The built environment has been shown to influence active transportation. Although spatial
data for the built environment is increasingly available, there has been little effort to use …