Introduction Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including perfluorononanoic acid
(PFNA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), were detected in the community water supply of …

For the last 50 years, the economic and industrial development of the nations of Central and
Eastern Europe has been achieved at the cost of environmental degradation. The health …

BACKGROUND Evidence links exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy,
particularly gaseous pollutants and particulate matter, to an increased risk of adverse …

A small number of population‐based studies have examined sex differences among infants
with birth defects. This study presents estimates of sex ratio for both isolated cases and …

BACKGROUND Caffeine intake is common during pregnancy, yet few epidemiologic studies
have examined the association between maternal caffeine consumption and birth defects …

The relation between paternal occupational lead exposure and low birth weight/prematurity
was examined in a retrospective cohort study. Birth weight and gestational age (1981 …

We examined the relationship between lead exposure and fertility among men in a
retrospective cohort study. Fertility (1981–1992) of lead-exposed workers was determined …

Some evidence suggests that solvent exposures to rubber industry workers may be
associated with excess cancer mortality, but most studies of rubber workers lack information …

The authors used a case-control design to evaluate the risk of central nervous system and
musculoskeletal birth defects relative to exposure to solvents, metal, and pesticide …

Objectives—The goal of the study was to examine the effects of the potential pesticide
exposure of parents on the risk of limb reduction defects in their offspring. Methods—A case …