Background: The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in western countries has been attributed to
the HIV epidemic, immigration, and drug resistance. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR …

AIM: To summarize the major findings of the five Cochrane reviews on substitution
maintenance treatments for opioid dependence. METHODS: We conducted a narrative and …

Background Management of solid waste (mainly landfills and incineration) releases a
number of toxic substances, most in small quantities and at extremely low levels. Because of …

Background The present study aimed at developing a standardized heat wave definition to
estimate and compare the impact on mortality by gender, age and death causes in Europe …

Rationale: Episode analyses of heat waves have documented a comparatively higher
impact on mortality than on morbidity (hospital admissions) in European cities. The evidence …

Background: Although studies have documented increased mortality during heat waves,
little information is available on the subgroups most susceptible to these effects. We …

Background Numerous studies have found that ambient air pollution has been associated
with cardiovascular disease exacerbation. Objectives Given previous findings, we …

Background Short‐term increases in particulate air pollution are linked with increased daily
mortality and morbidity. Socioeconomic status (SES) is a determinant of overall health. We …

Background Specialist drug treatment is critical to overdose prevention; methadone
maintenance is effective, but we lack evidence for other modalities. We evaluate the impact …

Background—Several countries in the world have not yet prohibited smoking in public
places. Few studies have been conducted on the effects of smoking bans on cardiac health …