Subjects with elevated conventional clinic or office blood pressure (CBP) may have normal ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). The purpose of this review is to summarize studies in which ABP was monitored while the initiation or intensification of antihypertensive therapy was guided by CBP. These studies show that ABP does not decrease or decreases only slightly in response to treatment in subjects with elevated CBP and low ABP, whereas the CBP is significantly reduced in such patients.