Mechanisms of allergy and clinical immunologyCold temperature induces mucin hypersecretion from normal human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro through a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8)–mediated mechanism
Section snippets
Reagents
PLCδ1–pleckstrin homology (PH)–green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmids were kind gifts from Tamas Balla (Public Health Service, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md). BCTC, exon 18–specific TRPM8 small hairpin RNA (shRNA), and scramble shRNA were kind gifts from Christopher A. Reilly (University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah). L-menthol (abbreviated as menthol) was purchased from Crystal Pure Reagent Co Ltd (Shanghai, China) and dissolved in 75% ethanol to the final concentration
TRPM8 mRNA and protein expression were increased in bronchial epithelial cells of patients with COPD
Immunohistochemistry experiments showed that the majority of TRPM8 immunoreactivity was localized to the membranes of basal or small granule cells. A minor amount of TRPM8 immunoreactivity was localized to the membranes and cytoplasm of columnar epithelial or goblet cells (Fig 1, A and B). TRPM8 protein expressed as integrated optical density/area in the bronchial epithelium was increased in lung tissue of patients with COPD (mean, 0.24; SD, 0.049) compared with that of subjects who had no
Discussion
There has been considerable interest in the causes and mechanisms of exacerbation of COPD because such exacerbations are an important cause of the considerable morbidity and mortality found in patients with COPD. Cold-induced COPD exacerbation is a well-known phenomenon and might contribute to the high level of cold-related morbidity from COPD.1, 2 Low ambient temperatures are associated with increased frequency of exacerbation in patients with COPD.2
An intriguing issue is why patients with
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Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (no. NSF81070031) and the China-Russia Cooperation Research Foundation (no. NSF81011120108; RFBR10-04-91160).
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.