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Cited by (36)

  • Association of Smoking and Smoking Cessation With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality

    2021, American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    Citation Excerpt :

    In this study, there was a reduced risk of all-cause mortality for those with long-term cessation (≥5 years), although within 5 years of quitting, the association between smoking cessation and the risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, or cancer did not reach statistical significance compared with that for continuing smokers. Research shows that smoking cessation also effectively reduces mortality risk even at older ages.43–45 Smoking is a preventable risk factor, and the cessation of smoking results in significant health benefits.

  • Reply

    2010, Journal of the American College of Cardiology
  • Smoking trajectories, health, and mortality across the adult lifespan

    2009, Addictive Behaviors
    Citation Excerpt :

    Prospective work has confirmed many of these associations (Engeland, Haldorsen, Anderson, & Tretli, 1996; Freund, Belanger, D'Agostino, & Kannel, 1993; Giovannucci et al., 1994; Godtfredsen, Prescott, & Osler, 2005; Hirdes, Brown, Vigoda, Forbes, & Crawford, 1987; Howard et al., 1998; Lam et al., 1997; Nusselder, Looman, Marang-van de Mheen, van de Mheen, & Mackenbach, 2000; Ostbye & Taylor, 2004; Ostbye, Taylor, & Jung, 2002; Prescott, Hippe, Schnohr, Hein, & Vestbo, 1998; Prescott, Osler, et al., 1998; Simons, Simons, McCallum, & Friedlander, 2005; Wannamethee, Shaper, & Perry, 2001; Weir and Dunn, 1970; Yuan et al., 1996) and has demonstrated a temporal ordering suggesting the likelihood of a causal relationship between smoking and these disease outcomes. Most often, prospective studies are conducted over short periods, with few following study participants for longer than a decade (Giovannucci et al., 1994; Howard et al., 1998; Ostbye et al., 2002; Weir and Dunn, 1970; Yuan et al., 1996), and many measuring smoking behavior during only one assessment (Engeland et al., 1996; Enstrom, 1999; Hirdes, Brown, Vigoda, Forbes, & Crawford, 1987; Lam et al., 1997; Rogot & Murray, 1989). Among studies of United States populations with the longest periods of repeated longitudinal smoking assessment, including the Framingham Study (Freund, Belanger, D'Agostino, & Kannel, 1993; Freund, 1992; Gordon, Williamm, Dawber, & McGee, 1975) and the First Cancer Prevention Study (CPS-I) (Knoke, Shanks, Vaugh, Thun, & Burns, 2004; Thun, Day-Lally, Calle, Flanders, & Heath, 1995; Thun & Heath, 1997), baseline smoking behavior is captured at entry through reports by adults who have long passed the age of risk for smoking initiation and established use.

  • Morbidity and mortality in relation to smoking among women and men of Chinese ethnicity: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

    2008, European Journal of Cancer
    Citation Excerpt :

    Cigarette smoking is an important public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality.1 Numerous epidemiologic studies in Western populations have reported a positive association between cigarette smoking and cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), total and cause-specific mortality.2–26 In contrast, relatively few prospective studies from Asia, including studies from China27,28 and East Asian and other countries29–37 have examined morbidity and mortality in relation to smoking.

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