ORIGINAL ARTICLES

CORONARY HEART-DISEASE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF WORK

Physical activity's established health benefits include pain control, yet there is no consensus on the required dosage according to the literature.

To test the influence of exercise on perceived health in patients whose daily activities are limited due to pain. Besides, analyze the possible moderating effect of age and find a formula for exercise dosage based on the perceived level of health.

Cross-sectional study based on the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey with 4,123 participants reporting activity limitations in their daily activities due to pain. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version) was used to calculate energy expenditure. Data included age, sex, leisure-time physical activity, sitting time, pain-related impairments, pain medication, and perceived health. Mediation regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS PROCESS 4.0 macro.

Results indicate a decline in perceived health with age. The relationship between exercise (energy expenditure) and perceived health was highly significant (d=-0.224, p<0.001). Age moderated the association between pain and energy expenditure up to 75.61 years (0.1568, p=0.05) and between energy expenditure and perceived health up to 75.74 years (-0.289, p=0.05), but this effect diminished afterwards. A formula was developed to estimate energy expenditure based on the desired level of health.

The perception of health in people who are limited in their daily activities due to pain (moderate to very much) is mediated by the amount of physical activity they perform. Besides, this perception is moderated by age, up to 76 years.

Pour préserver la santé des jeunes de la classe d’âge 5–17 ans, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé recommande des niveaux d’activité physique consistant à cumuler au moins 60 minutes par jour d’activité physique d’intensité modérée à soutenue. En France, les jeunes forment le groupe d’âge le plus actif et sont globalement en bonne santé, mais leur niveau d’activité physique et/ou sportive est insuffisant et baisse de génération en génération. L’éducation physique et sportive et les pratiques sportives de loisirs ne suffisent pas à compenser la baisse de l’activité physique dans la vie quotidienne. Les analyses démontrent que l’inactivité est un fort contributeur de la surcharge pondérale et d’obésité, facteurs qui eux sont délétères pour la santé. De plus, il est reconnu que le niveau d’activité physique dans l’enfance/adolescence conditionne le niveau d’activité à l’âge adulte. Les filles et les garçons ont les mêmes aptitudes physiques avant la puberté. Leur potentiel en endurance aérobie étant très élevé, il n’y a pas lieu de les brider par crainte de fatigue ou d’épuisement au cours d’efforts inférieurs à 10 à 15 minutes. En revanche, leur potentiel de force reste modeste, et le potentiel de résistance est faible. L’enfant est « prêt » à la compétition sportive lorsqu’il recherche de lui-même à comparer ses habiletés à celles de ses pairs. Pour les sports d’équipe, l’enfant doit de plus comprendre ce qui est sous-jacent au processus compétitif : stratégie et coopération au sein du groupe. Cela n’advient généralement qu’entre 10 et 12 ans. Blessures de surutilisation, syndrome de surentraînement, voire burn out sont possibles chez le jeune sportif. Les séquelles de ces troubles pouvant être importantes sur la croissance osseuse et le développement psychologique du jeune, il convient d’être vigilant et réactif dès l’apparition des prodromes.

The beneficial health effects and prognostic significance of regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA), increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), or both are often underappreciated by the medical community and the patients they serve. Individuals with low CRF have higher annual health care costs, higher rates of surgical complications, and are two to three times more likely to die prematurely than their fitter counterparts when matched for risk factor profile or coronary calcium score. Increased levels of habitual PA before hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes are also associated with better short-term cardiovascular outcomes. Accordingly, this review examines these relations and the potential underlying mechanisms of benefit (eg, exercise preconditioning), with specific reference to the incidence of cardiovascular, cancer, and coronavirus diseases, and the prescriptive implications and exercise thresholds for optimizing health outcomes. To assess the evidence supporting or refuting the benefits of PA and CRF, we performed a literature search (PubMed) and critically reviewed the evidence to date. In aggregate, these data are presented in the context of clarifying the impact that regular PA and/or increased CRF have on preventing and treating chronic and infectious diseases, with reference to evidence-based exercise thresholds that the medical community can embrace and promote.