ArticleCoefficient of variation as a measure of subject effort
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You'd Better Believe It: The Conceptual and Practical Challenges of Assessing Malingering in Patients With Chronic Pain
2019, Journal of PainCitation Excerpt :It has been proposed that CV scores can be used to reliably identify insincere effort13,29,75 and, consequently, malingering.63 However, the use of CV scores to detect malingering is problematic because scores vary according to the instrumentation used, the task performed, and the muscle groups tested100,106,117; reliable cutoff scores have not been identified. Overall, reviews of this literature have concluded that CV scores, force output curves, and ratios of peak force cannot be used to reliably identify effort bias,100 and there seems to be insufficient evidence to support the clinical application of muscle testing to determine sincerity of effort.100,117
External biomechanical constraints impair maximal voluntary grip force stability post-stroke
2018, Clinical BiomechanicsCitation Excerpt :External constraint of the distal arm reduces the degrees of freedom (DoF) (Bernstein, 1967; Bober et al., 1982; Fischer et al., 2009; Kornecki et al., 2001; Seo and Armstrong, 2009), which has been associated with reduced activity in wrist stabilizing muscles (Fischer et al., 2009; Kornecki et al., 2001) and increased activity in primary movers (Kornecki et al., 2001), thus potentially contributing to increased MVGF magnitude. While it is recognized that trial-to-trial variability can be influenced by the presence of neuromuscular impairment and motor task (i.e., task difficulty, the number of joints involved, etc.) (Lechner et al., 1998; Simonsen, 1995; Tornvall, 1963), it remains unclear whether trial-to-trial variability can be influenced by biomechanical configurations of distal arm. Beyond straightforward variations in MVGF magnitude and between-trial stability, differences in biomechanical configuration alter the motor task (e.g., external constraints requiring the person to adjust to the task vs. unconstrained movements allowing the task to be adjusted to the person).
Reliability of the grip strength coefficient of variation for detecting sincerity in normal and blocked median nerve in healthy adults
2017, Hand Surgery and RehabilitationCitation Excerpt :Shechtman examined a group of patients with CTS and concluded that the CV as a measure of SOE, especially in injured individuals with compromised hand strength, can produce contradictory results [9,12,31]. Some studies indicate that the CV is not a valid measure of SOE because it increases during submaximal effort due to a decrease in the mean, not to an increase in absolute variability, concluding that determinations of SOE should not be made based solely on the CV [8,32]. The CV has been reported to possess low sensitivity and/or specificity as a screening tool [7,12].
Identification of feigned ankle plantar and dorsiflexors weakness in normal subjects
2009, Journal of Electromyography and KinesiologyCitation Excerpt :This approach has been followed by using several isometric (Bohannon, 1987; Janda et al., 1987) and isokinetic (Hazard et al., 1988; Newton et al., 1993; Lin et al., 1996) tests but, although the maximal effort-based CVs were in general significantly smaller than their submaximal counterparts, there seems to be a considerable overlap between both conditions, and therefore the accuracy of the cutoff distinguishing between the two levels is poor and not clinically satisfactory (Hamilton et al., 1995; Luoto et al., 1996; Birmingham et al., 1998; Dvir, 1999a,b). Moreover, some pathologies and pain seem to also cause a considerable rise in the variability (Finsterbush et al., 1983; Simmonsen, 1995), and so the clinical distinction between submaximal effort and pathological effort gets more complicated. Another group of methods is based on the physiological characteristics of the maximal muscle contraction.
Angular position, range of motion and velocity of arm elevation: A study of consistency of performance
2005, Clinical BiomechanicsCervical muscles weakness in chronic whiplash patients
2005, Clinical Biomechanics
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