Lung deposition, lung clearance and renal accumulation of inhaled cadmium chloride and cadmium sulphide in rats
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Cadmium exposure upregulates SNAIL through miR-30 repression in human lung epithelial cells
2019, Toxicology and Applied PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Occupational exposure is another major source of Cd exposure, especially in workers involved in pigment industries and Ni-Cd battery manufacture (IARC., 2012). Upon absorption, Cd is taken up by metal transporters on the plasma membrane and sequestered by cytosolic metallothionein proteins and finally accumulate in organs such as liver, kidney, prostate and lung due to its long half-life and poor clearance mechanism (Klimisch, 1993; Klaassen and Liu, 1998; Sabolic et al., 2010; IARC., 2012). Cd is a carcinogen, associated with cancers of the lung, kidney, pancreas, urinary and breast in humans (Huff et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2012; Nawrot et al., 2015).
γ-Oryzanol protects against acute cadmium-induced oxidative damage in mice testes
2013, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :Its emission in the atmosphere has been a health concern due to its long biological half-life in many living beings, including humans (10–35 years) (WHO, 2011). It may accumulate in many organs, such as liver and kidneys (Jihen et al., 2008), lungs (Klimisch, 1993; Luchese et al., 2009) and testes (Haouem et al., 2008). Contamination occurs mainly through food intake, but cigar smoke is also one of the major sources of exposures, bearing in mind the fact that lung absorption of cadmium is almost 10-fold higher than gastrointestinal absorption (Goering et al., 1994; Waalkes, 2003).
Mineralogy affects geoavailability, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of zinc
2013, Environmental PollutionCitation Excerpt :Simulated aging of contaminated soil using EDTA leaching has been shown to increase Pb and decrease Cd mobility and bioaccessibility, as determined by in vitro extractions, whereas Zn bioaccessibility was not affected (Udovic and Lestan, 2009). Zn bioavailability and bioaccessibility in sulfide form (sphalerite) were lowest, consistent with previous studies (Bergmann et al., 2000; Klimisch, 1993). Surprisingly, zinc carbonate (smithsonite) yielded lower bioavailability than hemimorphite.
Side-specific effects by cadmium exposure: Apical and basolateral treatment in a coculture model of the blood-air barrier
2010, Toxicology and Applied PharmacologyCadmium transport through type II alveolar cell monolayers: Contribution of transcellular and paracellular pathways in the rat ATII and the human A549 cells
2002, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - BiomembranesCitation Excerpt :These results contrast with our previous data obtained in Caco-2 cells under similar conditions showing that transepithelial transport of Cd in this human intestinal cell line never exceeds 3% of the cellular accumulation [26]. High Pcoeff values (46–67×10−7 cm/s) have been determined for Cd permeability in rat ATII and A549 cell monolayers, a result in accordance with the reported high bioavailability of the inhaled metal in animal models [31,32]. Some studies have revealed that Cd may rapidly disrupt the paracellular barrier without causing a significant loss of viability: (i) exposure to 20–60 μM Cd decreased the TEER value in the LLC-PK1 kidney cells [33]; (ii) a 4-h exposure to Cd concentrations higher than 25 μM increased the Pcoeff to mannitol and PEG-4000 and significantly reduced the TEER values in the Caco-2 intestinal cells [34].
Inorganic pigments
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