Elsevier

Toxicology

Volume 84, Issues 1–3, 12 November 1993, Pages 103-124
Toxicology

Lung deposition, lung clearance and renal accumulation of inhaled cadmium chloride and cadmium sulphide in rats

https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(93)90111-5Get rights and content

Abstract

Rats were exposed 6 h/day over 10 days to 0.3 mg/m3 of water soluble cadmium chloride and 0.2, 1.0 and 8.0 mg/m3 of insoluble cadmium sulphide, then killed at intervals over a 3-month period for serial measurements of lung, renal and faecal cadmium. CdCl2 and high-dose CdS animals showed a transient increase in lung weight. Clearance of both compounds was biphasic. Approximately 40% of deposited material was cleared during the 10-day exposure period. For CdCl2, only 9% of the lung burden was cleared rapidly after the last exposure (half-life 1.0 days) and 47% slowly (half-life 87 days), leaving a residual lung burden of 44%. For CdS, 41% of the lung burden was cleared rapidly (half-life 1.4 days) and 40% slowly (half-life 42 days), leaving a final residue 19%. In the CdS high-dose group, the retention of CdS in the lung was greater than that in the CdS low-dose groups, indicating that clearance mechanisms may possibly have been impaired in the high-dose group by too great a lung burden. For both compounds, faecal cadmium was initially high. Renal accumulation of cadmium was substantial for CdCl2 during the exposure period and continued over the following months until it represented approximately 35% of the total cadmium cleared from the lung. For CdS, renal accumulation was only 1% of the amount cleared from the lung. The bioavailability of Cd from CdS is thus poor, the majority being cleared from the lungs and excreted in the faeces. However, the bioavailability of inhaled CdS measured as cadmium in the kidney is greater than the bioavailability of orally ingested CdS.

References (32)

  • A.V. Burlak et al.

    Mechanism of degradation of the photoconductivity of cadmium sulfide single crystals

    Sov. Phys. Semicond.

    (1987)
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, MAK List: ‘Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentratioen (MAK), Biologische...
  • C. Dorian et al.

    Studies on the mechanism of cadmium nephrotoxy

    Toxicologist

    (1991)
  • A. Dubreuil et al.

    In vitro cytotoxicity of cadmium microparticles for rabbit alveolar macrophages

    Scand. J. Work Environ. Health

    (1979)
  • C.W. Dunnet

    Multiple comparison between treatments and a control

    Biometrics

    (1961)
  • C.W. Dunnet

    New tables for multiple comparisons with a control

    Biometrics

    (1964)
  • Cited by (20)

    • Cadmium exposure upregulates SNAIL through miR-30 repression in human lung epithelial cells

      2019, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
      Citation Excerpt :

      Occupational exposure is another major source of Cd exposure, especially in workers involved in pigment industries and Ni-Cd battery manufacture (IARC., 2012). Upon absorption, Cd is taken up by metal transporters on the plasma membrane and sequestered by cytosolic metallothionein proteins and finally accumulate in organs such as liver, kidney, prostate and lung due to its long half-life and poor clearance mechanism (Klimisch, 1993; Klaassen and Liu, 1998; Sabolic et al., 2010; IARC., 2012). Cd is a carcinogen, associated with cancers of the lung, kidney, pancreas, urinary and breast in humans (Huff et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2012; Nawrot et al., 2015).

    • γ-Oryzanol protects against acute cadmium-induced oxidative damage in mice testes

      2013, Food and Chemical Toxicology
      Citation Excerpt :

      Its emission in the atmosphere has been a health concern due to its long biological half-life in many living beings, including humans (10–35 years) (WHO, 2011). It may accumulate in many organs, such as liver and kidneys (Jihen et al., 2008), lungs (Klimisch, 1993; Luchese et al., 2009) and testes (Haouem et al., 2008). Contamination occurs mainly through food intake, but cigar smoke is also one of the major sources of exposures, bearing in mind the fact that lung absorption of cadmium is almost 10-fold higher than gastrointestinal absorption (Goering et al., 1994; Waalkes, 2003).

    • Mineralogy affects geoavailability, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of zinc

      2013, Environmental Pollution
      Citation Excerpt :

      Simulated aging of contaminated soil using EDTA leaching has been shown to increase Pb and decrease Cd mobility and bioaccessibility, as determined by in vitro extractions, whereas Zn bioaccessibility was not affected (Udovic and Lestan, 2009). Zn bioavailability and bioaccessibility in sulfide form (sphalerite) were lowest, consistent with previous studies (Bergmann et al., 2000; Klimisch, 1993). Surprisingly, zinc carbonate (smithsonite) yielded lower bioavailability than hemimorphite.

    • Cadmium transport through type II alveolar cell monolayers: Contribution of transcellular and paracellular pathways in the rat ATII and the human A549 cells

      2002, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes
      Citation Excerpt :

      These results contrast with our previous data obtained in Caco-2 cells under similar conditions showing that transepithelial transport of Cd in this human intestinal cell line never exceeds 3% of the cellular accumulation [26]. High Pcoeff values (46–67×10−7 cm/s) have been determined for Cd permeability in rat ATII and A549 cell monolayers, a result in accordance with the reported high bioavailability of the inhaled metal in animal models [31,32]. Some studies have revealed that Cd may rapidly disrupt the paracellular barrier without causing a significant loss of viability: (i) exposure to 20–60 μM Cd decreased the TEER value in the LLC-PK1 kidney cells [33]; (ii) a 4-h exposure to Cd concentrations higher than 25 μM increased the Pcoeff to mannitol and PEG-4000 and significantly reduced the TEER values in the Caco-2 intestinal cells [34].

    • Inorganic pigments

      2023, Inorganic Pigments
    View all citing articles on Scopus
    View full text