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The national study to prevent blood exposure in paramedics: rates of exposure to blood

  • Original Article
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Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this analysis is to present incidence rates of exposure to blood among paramedics in the United States by selected variables and to compare all percutaneous exposure rates among different types of healthcare workers.

Methods

A survey on blood exposure was mailed in 2002–2003 to a national sample of paramedics. Results for California paramedics were analyzed with the national sample and also separately.

Results

The incidence rate for needlestick/lancet injuries was 100/1,000 employee-years [95% confidence interval (CI), 40–159] among the national sample and 26/1,000 employee-years (95% CI, 15–38) for the California sample. The highest exposure rate was for non-intact skin, 230/1,000 employee-years (95% CI, 130–329). The rate for all exposures was 465/1,000 employee-years (95% CI, 293–637). California needlestick/lancet rates, but not national, were substantially lower than rates in earlier studies of paramedics. Rates for all percutaneous injuries among paramedics were similar to the mid to high range of rates reported for most hospital-based healthcare workers.

Conclusions

Paramedics in the United States are experiencing percutaneous injury rates at least as high as, and possibly substantially higher than, most hospital-based healthcare workers, as well as substantially higher rates of exposure to blood on non-intact skin.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by cooperative agreement number U01 OH04266-01 from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Winifred L. Boal & Jia Li

  2. Cedar Grove Institute for Sustainable Communities, Mebane, NC, USA

    Jack K. Leiss

  3. Constella Group, Durham, NC, USA

    Jennifer M. Ratcliffe & Sara Sousa

  4. Advance Health Solutions, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Jennifer T. Lyden

  5. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Janine Jagger

Authors
  1. Winifred L. Boal
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  2. Jack K. Leiss
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  3. Jennifer M. Ratcliffe
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  4. Sara Sousa
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  5. Jennifer T. Lyden
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  6. Jia Li
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  7. Janine Jagger
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Correspondence to Winifred L. Boal.

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Boal, W.L., Leiss, J.K., Ratcliffe, J.M. et al. The national study to prevent blood exposure in paramedics: rates of exposure to blood. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 83, 191–199 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-009-0421-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-009-0421-x

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