Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Transient health symptoms of MRI staff working with 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla scanners in the UK

  • Magnetic Resonance
  • Published:
European Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

Recent studies have consistently shown that amongst staff working with MRI, transient symptoms directly attributable to the MRI system including dizziness, nausea, tinnitus, and concentration problems are reported. This study assessed symptom prevalence and incidence in radiographers and other staff working with MRI in healthcare in the UK.

Methods

One hundred and four volunteer staff from eight sites completed a questionnaire and kept a diary to obtain information on subjective symptoms and work practices, and wore a magnetic field dosimeter during one to three randomly selected working days. Incidence of MRI-related symptoms was obtained for all shifts and prevalence of MRI-related and reference symptoms was associated to explanatory factors using ordinal regression.

Results

Incident symptoms related to working with MRI were reported in 4 % of shifts. Prevalence of MRI-related, but not reference symptoms were associated with number of hours per week working with MRI, shift length, and stress, but not with magnetic field strength (1.5 and 3 T) or measured magnetic field exposure.

Conclusions

Reporting of prevalent symptoms was associated with longer duration of working in MRI departments, but not with measured field strength of exposure. Other factors related to organisation and stress seem to contribute to increased reporting of MRI-related symptoms.

Key Points

Routine work with MRI is associated with increased reporting of transient symptoms

No link to the strength of the magnetic field was demonstrated.

Organisational factors and stress additionally contribute to reporting of MRI-related symptoms

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shellock F (2001) Magnetic resonance procedures: health effects and safety. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  2. ICNIRP (2009) Guidelines on limits of exposure to static magnetic fields. Health Phys 96:10

    Google Scholar 

  3. ICNIRP (2009) Amendment to the ICNIRP "Statement on medical Magnetic Resonance (MR) procedures: protection of patients". Health Phys 97:3

    Google Scholar 

  4. ICNIRP (2014) Guidelines for limiting exposure to electric fields induced by movement of the human body in a static magnetic field and by time-varying magnetic fields below 1 Hz. Health Phys 106:8

    Google Scholar 

  5. Parliament E (2013) Directive 2013/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 26 june 2013 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields) (20th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) and repealing Directive 2004/40/EC. Official Journal of the European Union L179/1

  6. de Vocht F, van Drooge H, Engels H, Kromhout H (2006) Exposure, health complaints and cognitive performance among employees of an MRI scanners manufacturing department. J Magn Reson Imaging 23:197–204

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Schaap K, Christopher-de Vries Y, Mason CK, de Vocht F, Portengen L, Kromhout H (2014) Occupational exposure of healthcare and research staff to static magnetic stray fields from 1.5-7 Tesla MRI scanners is associated with reporting of transient symptoms. Occup Environ Med 71:423–429

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wilen J, de Vocht F (2011) Health complaints among nurses working near MRI scanners–a descriptive pilot study. Eur J Radiol 80:510–513

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Heilmaier C, Theysohn JM, Maderwald S, Kraff O, Ladd ME, Ladd SC (2011) A large-scale study on subjective perception of discomfort during 7 and 1.5 T MRI examinations. Bioelectromagnetics 32:610–619

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. van Nierop LE, Slottje P, van Zandvoort MJ, de Vocht F, Kromhout H (2012) Effects of magnetic stray fields from a 7 tesla MRI scanner on neurocognition: a double-blind randomised crossover study. Occup Environ Med 69:759–766

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. de Vocht F, Stevens T, van Wendel-de-Joode B, Engels H, Kromhout H (2006) Acute neurobehavioral effects of exposure to static magnetic fields: analyses of exposure-response relations. J Magn Reson Imaging 23:291–297

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. de Vocht F, Glover P, Engels H, Kromhout H (2007) Pooled analyses of effects on visual and visuomotor performance from exposure to magnetic stray fields from MRI scanners: application of the Bayesian framework. J Magn Reson Imaging 26:1255–1260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. de Vocht F, van-Wendel-de-Joode B, Engels H, Kromhout H (2003) Neurobehavioral effects among subjects exposed to high static and gradient magnetic fields from a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system–a case-crossover pilot study. Magn Reson Med 50:670–674

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Antunes A, Glover PM, Li Y, Mian OS, Day BL (2012) Magnetic field effects on the vestibular system: calculation of the pressure on the cupula due to ionic current-induced Lorentz force. Phys Med Biol 57:4477–4487

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Glover PM, Cavin I, Qian W, Bowtell R, Gowland PA (2007) Magnetic-field-induced vertigo: a theoretical and experimental investigation. Bioelectromagnetics 28:349–361

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Roberts DC, Marcelli V, Gillen JS, Carey JP, Della Santina CC, Zee DS (2011) MRI magnetic field stimulates rotational sensors of the brain. Curr Biol 21:1635–1640

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Theysohn JM, Kraff O, Eilers K et al (2014) Vestibular effects of a 7 Tesla MRI examination compared to 1.5 T and 0 T in healthy volunteers. PLoS One 9:e92104

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. van Nierop LE, Slottje P, Kingma H, Kromhout H (2013) MRI-related static magnetic stray fields and postural body sway: a double-blind randomized crossover study. Magn Reson Med 70:232–240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. de Vocht F, Liket L, De Vocht A et al (2007) Exposure to alternating electromagnetic fields and effects on the visual and visuomotor systems. Br J Radiol 80:822–828

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Mian OS, Li Y, Antunes A, Glover PM, Day BL (2013) On the vertigo due to static magnetic fields. PLoS One 8:e78748

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Eriksen HR, Ihlebaek C, Ursin H (1999) A scoring system for subjective health complaints (SHC). Scand J Public Health 27:63–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Levenstein S, Prantera C, Varvo V et al (1993) Development of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire: a new tool for psychosomatic research. J Psychosom Res 37:19–32

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Golding JF (2006) Predicting individual differences in motion sickness susceptibility by questionnaire. Personal Individ Differ 41:9

    Google Scholar 

  24. de Vocht F, Muller F, Engels H, Kromhout H (2009) Personal exposure to static and time-varying magnetic fields during MRI system test procedures. J Magn Reson Imaging 30:1223–1228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fuentes MA, Trakic A, Wilson SJ, Crozier S (2008) Analysis and measurements of magnetic field exposures for healthcare workers in selected MR environments. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 55:1355–1364

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Schaap K, Christopher-de Vries Y, Crozier S, De Vocht F, Kromhout H (2014) Exposure to static and time-varying magnetic fields from working in the static magnetic stray fields of MRI scanners: a comprehensive survey in the Netherlands. Ann Occup Hyg. doi:10.1093/annhyg/meu057

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Team RDC (2008) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  28. Li CY, Sung FC (1999) A review of the healthy worker effect in occupational epidemiology. Occup Med (Lond) 49:225–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Heinrich A, Szostek A, Meyer P et al (2014) Women are more strongly affected by dizziness in static magnetic fields of magnetic resonance imaging scanners. Neuroreport. doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000000225

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Heinrich A, Szostek A, Meyer P et al (2013) Cognition and sensation in very high static magnetic fields: a randomized case-crossover study with different field strengths. Radiology 266:236–245

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gilles M, Paslakis G, Heinrich A et al (2013) A cross-over study of effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathoadrenergic system in magnetic field strength exposure from 0 to 7 T. Stress 16:172–180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Glover PM, Li Y, Antunes A, Mian OS, Day BL (2014) A dynamic model of the eye nystagmus response to high magnetic fields. Phys Med Biol 59:631–645

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ward BK, Tan GX, Roberts DC, Della Santina CC, Zee DS, Carey JP (2014) Strong static magnetic fields elicit swimming behaviors consistent with direct vestibular stimulation in adult zebrafish. PLoS One 9:e92109

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Snijders T, Bosker R (1999) Multilevel analysis. SAGE Publications Ltd, London

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The scientific guarantor of this publication is Dr. Frank de Vocht. The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: SK developed, produces, and licenses the dosimeters used in this study through a University of Queensland company. This study has received funding by The COLT Foundation. More than one of the authors has significant statistical expertise. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study. No study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported. Methodology: prospective and retrospective, cross-sectional study/observational, multicenter study.

The authors would like to thank all participants who volunteered for this study, as well as all local coordinators.

Funding source

The study was funded by a research grant from The COLT Foundation (grant number CF/01/11).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Frank de Vocht.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

de Vocht, F., Batistatou, E., Mölter, A. et al. Transient health symptoms of MRI staff working with 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla scanners in the UK. Eur Radiol 25, 2718–2726 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3629-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3629-z

Keywords

Navigation