Factors associated with any occupational violence in the past 12 months
| Occupational violence | ||
| Variable | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| De-escalation training | ||
| No | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Yes | 0.87 (0.81, 0.93) | 0.87 (0.79, 0.96) |
| Patient restraint training | ||
| No | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Yes | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) |
| Age (years) | ||
| <30 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 30–39 | 0.81 (0.74, 0.89) | 0.63 (1.32, 1.70) |
| 40–49 | 0.61 (0.55, 0.68) | 0.46 (0.41, 0.53) |
| ≥50 | 0.38 (0.34, 0.42) | 0.34 (0.29, 0.38) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Male | 0.89 (0.83, 0.97) | 0.84 (0.76, 0.92) |
| EMS certification level | ||
| BLS | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| ALS | 2.25 (2.10, 2.42) | 2.17 (1.99, 2.37) |
| Employment status | ||
| Part-time | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Full time | 2.10 (1.94, 2.28) | 1.66 (1.51, 1.82) |
| Community size of main EMS agency | ||
| Rural | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Urban | 2.79 (2.51, 3.11) | 1.91 (1.69, 2.15) |
| Agency type of main EMS agency | ||
| Fire | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Third service (municipal, non-fire) | 1.40 (1.25, 1.57) | 1.50 (1.32, 1.70) |
| Private | 1.78 (1.62, 1.96) | 1.94 (1.74, 2.17) |
| Hospital | 2.24 (1.99, 2.53) | 2.48 (2.16, 2.85) |
| Other | 0.74 (0.65, 0.83) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) |
| Service type of main EMS agency | ||
| Other | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Primarily 9-1-1 response | 1.20 (1.09, 1.33) | 1.52 (1.35, 1.71) |
| EMS experience (years) | ||
| <3 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 3–7 | 0.96 (0.87, 1.05) | 1.07 (0.97, 1.19) |
| ≥8 | 0.75 (0.69, 0.82) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.17) |
Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit p=0.17.
ALS, advanced life support; BLS, basic life support; EMS, emergency medical services.