Characteristics of the study population by case–control status in a hospital-based case–control study, Japan, 2005–2019
| Cases | Controls | |
| N (%) | N (%) | |
| Total population (men) | 120 278 (100) | 217 605 (100) |
| Age categories, years | ||
| <40 | 1291 (1.1) | 2580 (1.2) |
| 40–49 | 3284 (2.7) | 6566 (3.0) |
| 50–59 | 12 783 (10.6) | 25 543 (11.7) |
| 60–69 | 35 527 (29.5) | 66 874 (30.7) |
| 70–79 | 45 584 (37.9) | 77 780 (35.7) |
| 80+ | 21 809 (18.1) | 38 262 (17.6) |
| Admission year | ||
| 2005–2009 | 42 473 (35.3) | 78 279 (36.0) |
| 2010–2014 | 35 221 (29.3) | 62 942 (28.9) |
| 2015–2019 | 42 584 (35.4) | 76 384 (35.1) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 24 927 (20.7) | 57 855 (26.6) |
| Former | 63 195 (52.5) | 101 666 (46.7) |
| Current | 31 352 (26.1) | 55 083 (25.3) |
| Missing | 804 (0.7) | 3001 (1.4) |
| Alcohol consumption status | ||
| Never | 26 331 (21.9) | 52 407 (24.1) |
| Former | 21 458 (17.8) | 28 705 (13.2) |
| Current | 71 410 (59.4) | 133 459 (61.3) |
| Missing | 1079 (0.9) | 3034 (1.4) |
| Longest occupation held (major groups of JSOC) | ||
| Managers | 7948 (6.6) | 14 565 (6.7) |
| Professionals and technicians | 13 025 (10.8) | 23 825 (10.9) |
| Clerical support workers | 14 385 (12.0) | 25 764 (11.8) |
| Sales workers | 12 227 (10.2) | 21 520 (9.9) |
| Service workers | 3883 (3.2) | 6995 (3.2) |
| Police, firefighters and security workers | 2336 (1.9) | 4509 (2.1) |
| Agricultural, forestry and fishery workers | 5889 (4.9) | 11 286 (5.2) |
| Manufacture, craft, repair and assemblers | 23 247 (19.3) | 39 782 (18.3) |
| Drivers, crews, transport and machine operators | 8658 (7.2) | 14 768 (6.8) |
| Construction and mining | 11 089 (9.2) | 19 394 (8.9) |
| Carrying, cleaning and packing | 3452 (2.9) | 5971 (2.7) |
| Housewives, unemployed or unclassifiable | 14 139 (11.8) | 29 226 (13.4) |
JSOC, Japan Standard Occupational Classification.