Characteristics of TGCT cases and controls (group A and group B), TESTIS study, N=1124
| Characteristics | TGCT cases (n=454) | Group A controls (n=384) | Group B controls (n=286) | P value cases/all controls* | P value controls A/controls B* |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Age at diagnosis (cas)/inclusion (controls) (years) | <0.001 | 0.69 | |||
| ≤25 | 64 (14.1) | 20 (5.2) | 12 (4.2) | ||
| 26–30 | 106 (23.4) | 80 (20.8) | 64 (22.4) | ||
| 31–35 | 113 (24.9) | 131 (34.1) | 108 (37.8) | ||
| 36–40 | 85 (18.7) | 95 (24.7) | 67 (23.4) | ||
| ≥41 | 43 (9.5) | 58 (15.1) | 35 (12.2) | ||
| Missing | 43 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Year of birth | <0.001 | 0.15 | |||
| <1975 | 37 (8.2) | 33 (8.6) | 17 (5.9) | ||
| 1975–1979 | 80 (17.6) | 82 (21.4) | 46 (16.1) | ||
| 1980–1984 | 117 (25.8) | 119 (31.0) | 99 (34.6) | ||
| 1985–1989 | 130 (28.6) | 105 (27.3) | 98 (34.3) | ||
| 1990–1994 | 70 (15.4) | 40 (10.4) | 23 (8.0) | ||
| 1995–1999 | 20 (4.4) | 5 (1.3) | 3 (1.1) | ||
| Education | 0.10 | 0.002 | |||
| Secondary | 180 (39.7) | 137 (35.7) | 66 (23.1) | ||
| 1–2 years university degree | 97 (21.4) | 91 (23.7) | 57 (19.9) | ||
| > 3 years university degree | 128 (28.2) | 113 (29.4) | 121 (42.3) | ||
| Other | 48 (10.6) | 43 (11.2) | 42 (14.7) | ||
| Missing | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Smoking status | 0.12 | 0.10 | |||
| Former smoker | 102 (22.5) | 99 (25.8) | 72 (25.2) | ||
| Current smoker | 147 (32.4) | 116 (30.2) | 69 (24.1) | ||
| Never smoker | 205 (45.2) | 169 (44) | 145 (50.7) | ||
| Birth weight (g) | 0.49 | 0.99 | |||
| <2500 | 25 (5.5) | 20 (5.2) | 13 (4.6) | ||
| 2500–4000 | 356 (78.4) | 318 (82.8) | 243 (85) | ||
| ≥4000 | 46 (10.1) | 32 (8.3) | 26 (9.1) | ||
| Missing | 27 (6.0) | 14 (3.7) | 4 (1.4) | ||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 0.16 | 0.25 | |||
| ≤36 | 32 (7.1) | 23 (6.0) | 11 (3.9) | ||
| >36 | 415 (91.4) | 358 (93.2) | 271 (94.8) | ||
| Missing | 7 (1.5) | 3 (0.8) | 4 (1.4) | ||
| Born from multiple pregnancy | 0.02 | 0.59 | |||
| No | 433 (95.4) | 375 (97.7) | 277 (96.9) | ||
| Yes | 21 (4.6) | 8 (2.1) | 9 (3.2) | ||
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Birth order | 0.04 | 0.39 | |||
| First | 213 (46.9) | 168 (43.8) | 137 (47.9) | ||
| Second | 163 (35.9) | 135 (35.2) | 89 (31.1) | ||
| Third | 63 (13.9) | 51 (13.3) | 42 (14.7) | ||
| Fourth and more | 15 (3.3) | 30 (7.8) | 18 (6.3) | ||
| Sibship size | 0.03 | 0.70 | |||
| 1 | 25 (5.5) | 36 (9.4) | 23 (8.0) | ||
| 2 | 192 (42.3) | 139 (36.2) | 115 (40.2) | ||
| 3 | 153 (33.7) | 116 (30.2) | 90 (31.5) | ||
| ≥4 | 84 (18.5) | 92 (24) | 58 (20.3) | ||
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Personal history of inguinal hernia | 0.01 | 0.20 | |||
| No | 414 (91.2) | 362 (94.3) | 275 (96.2) | ||
| Yes | 39 (8.6) | 22 (5.7) | 10 (3.5) | ||
| Missing | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Personnal history of testicular trauma | 0.004 | 0.53 | |||
| No | 387 (85.2) | 351 (91.4) | 260 (90.9) | ||
| Yes | 67 (14.8) | 33 (8.6) | 26 (9.1) | ||
| Family history of TGCT | <0.001 | 0.33 | |||
| No | 419 (92.3) | 375 (97.7) | 276 (96.5) | ||
| Yes | 33 (7.3) | 7 (1.8) | 9 (3.2) | ||
| Missing | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Family history of cryptorchidism | 0.01 | 0.76 | |||
| No | 422 (93) | 369 (96.1) | 276 (96.5) | ||
| Yes | 28 (6.2) | 10 (2.6) | 8 (2.8) | ||
| Missing | 4 (0.9) | 5 (1.3) | 2 (0.7) | ||
| Age at voice change (years) | 0.61 | 0.97 | |||
| <12 | 16 (3.5) | 17 (4.4) | 9 (3.2) | ||
| 12–16 | 375 (82.6) | 301 (78.4) | 231 (80.8) | ||
| >16 | 53 (11.7) | 56 (14.6) | 38 (13.3) | ||
| Missing | 10 (2.2) | 10 (2.6) | 8 (2.8) | ||
| Cannabis use at adolescence (12–17 years) | 0.30 | 0.30 | |||
| No | 312 (68.7) | 251 (65.4) | 192 (67.1) | ||
| Yes | 142 (31.3) | 133 (34.6) | 94 (32.9) | ||
| Cannabis use (18–25 years) | 0.68 | 0.33 | |||
| No | 262 (57.71) | 219 (57.03) | 174 (60.84) | ||
| Yes | 192 (42.29) | 164 (42.71) | 112 (39.16) | ||
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.26) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | 0.03 | 0.15 | |||
| No | 17 (1.52) | 23 (3.43) | 24 (3.58) | ||
| Yes | 429 (38.44) | 361 (53.88) | 262 (39.10) |
Boldface indicates p-value <0.05.
*P values from univariate conditional logistic regression models—except for age at diagnosis/inclusion, age at inclusion and year of birth which were matching factors.
TGCT, testicular germ cell tumour.