Case–control associations between occupation at case diagnosis and TGCT, stratified by tumour morphology
| Seminoma (293 case–control pairs) | Non-seminoma (237 case–control pairs) | ||||||
| Occupation (AFSC) | N case | N control | OR (95% CI) | N case | N control | OR (95% CI) | P value* |
| Aircrew operations (1A) | 8 | 12 | 0.66 (0.26–1.72) | 6 | 11 | 0.75 (0.27–2.13) | 0.86 |
| Command and control systems operations (1C) | 6 | 8 | 0.74 (0.26–2.14) | 11 | 6 | 1.88 (0.68–5.19) | 0.04 |
| Aerospace maintenance (2A) | 43 | 49 | 0.87 (0.56–1.35) | 60 | 44 | 1.56 (0.97–2.50) | 0.04 |
| Fuels (2F) | 8 | 3 | – | 3 | 6 | – | – |
| Material management (2S) | 7 | 5 | 1.33 (0.42–4.22) | 4 | 6 | – | – |
| Transportation (2T) | 10 | 12 | 0.85 (0.35–2.07) | 10 | 11 | 1.01 (0.42–2.42) | 0.74 |
| Munitions and weapons (2W) | 13 | 18 | 0.74 (0.35–1.55) | 14 | 16 | 0.79 (0.36–1.74) | 0.95 |
| Communication-electronics/wire systems maintenance (2E) | 6 | 12 | 0.50 (0.19–1.33) | 6 | 10 | 0.69 (0.25–1.93) | 0.90 |
| Communications/network (3C) | 4 | 2 | – | 7 | 8 | 0.83 (0.28–2.47) | – |
| Cyberspace support (3D) | 12 | 9 | 1.40 (0.59–3.35) | 11 | 9 | 1.21 (0.44–3.34) | 0.89 |
| Security forces (3P) | 24 | 18 | 1.39 (0.72–2.65) | 15 | 20 | 0.75 (0.37–1.55) | 0.08 |
| Fire protection (3E7×1) | 3 | 4 | – | 9 | 2 | – | – |
| Aerospace medical/surgical service (4N) | 6 | 8 | 0.72 (0.25–2.10) | 3 | 9 | – | – |
| Pilot (11) | 24 | 15 | 1.69 (0.87–3.31) | 12 | 8 | 2.09 (0.73–6.01) | 0.75 |
| Fixed-wing pilot (11A, 11K, 11M, 11R, 11S, 11T) | 12 | 10 | 1.21 (0.52–2.80) | 8 | 7 | 1.40 (0.45–4.35) | 0.70 |
| Fighter pilot (11F) | 9 | 4 | – | 4 | 1 | – | – |
| Pilot trainee (92T0) | 5 | 4 | – | 5 | 1 | – | – |
| Pilot/pilot trainee (11, 92T0) | 29 | 19 | 1.62 (0.87–3.03) | 17 | 9 | 2.60 (0.96–7.03) | 0.62 |
| Space, nuclear and missile (13) | 6 | 8 | 0.78 (0.27–2.27) | 4 | 4 | – | – |
| Civil engineer (3E, 32E)† | 19 | 23 | 0.80 (0.42–1.49) | 19 | 13 | 1.59 (0.75–3.39) | 0.89 |
| Intelligence (1N, 14N)† | 13 | 14 | 0.90 (0.42–1.92) | 6 | 16 | 0.35 (0.12–0.97) | 0.24 |
| Occupational group based on job description (AFSC) | |||||||
| Aircraft maintenance (2A, 21A)† | 29 | 23 | 1.28 (0.72–2.27) | 40 | 24 | 2.00 (1.13–3.52) | 0.06 |
| Aircraft crew (12, 13, 1A, 2A)† | 13 | 22 | 0.57 (0.27–1.19) | 11 | 18 | 0.57 (0.24–1.34) | 0.60 |
| Ammunition (3E, 2W) | 13 | 17 | 0.78 (0.37–1.67) | 17 | 17 | 0.96 (0.47–1.95) | 0.37 |
| Fuels/petroleum (2A, 2F, 63)† | 12 | 4 | – | 3 | 8 | – | – |
| Electrical/electronics (2A, 2E, 2P, 3D, 3E) | 12 | 20 | 0.53 (0.23–1.18) | 10 | 12 | 0.78 (0.32–1.91) | 0.67 |
| Mechanic/other maintenance (2A, 2E, 2M, 2T, 3E, 4A) | 9 | 16 | 0.49 (0.20–1.21) | 12 | 13 | 0.79 (0.34–1.86) | 0.23 |
| Law enforcement/security (3P, 31P, 81)† | 25 | 19 | 1.41 (0.74–2.66) | 17 | 20 | 0.94 (0.47–1.89) | 0.12 |
| Radio/communications/radar (1C, 2A, 2E, 3C, 3D, 33S)† | 11 | 12 | 0.94 (0.41–2.15) | 13 | 11 | 1.10 (0.47–2.59) | 0.30 |
| Medical†‡ | 25 | 19 | 1.32 (0.66–2.64) | 12 | 13 | 0.90 (0.37–2.18) | 0.61 |
| Administrative/support†§ | 89 | 76 | 1.26 (0.85–1.86) | 50 | 61 | 0.77 (0.50–1.20) | 0.18 |
| Miscellaneous/other/unknown†¶ | 20 | 33 | 0.58 (0.32–1.07) | 24 | 23 | 1.02 (0.53–1.95) | 0.46 |
All conditional logistic regression models adjusted for number of deployments before case diagnosis (0, 1, 2+).
Bold indicative of statistical significance.
Comparison (non-exposed) group is everyone not in selected occupation/occupational group.
*P value from tests of OR homogeneity across case morphology from case-only unconditional logistic regression models adjusting for age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, number of deployments before diagnosis and grade where appropriate.
†Models additionally adjusted for grade at case diagnosis.
‡Medical AFSCs: 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 4C, 4D, 4F, 4N, 4P, 4R, 4Y, 92M1.
§Administrative/support AFSCs: 13, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 27, 43, 51, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 97, 10C, 14N, 1C, 1N, 1W, 21R, 2E, 2G, 2R, 2S, 2T, 32E, 33S, 34M, 36M, 36P, 38F, 38P, 3A, 3C, 3D, 3M, 3N, 3S, 3V, 41A, 4A, 4E, 52R, 5R, 6C, 6F, 7S, 8R, 8M000, 9E.
¶Miscellaneous/other/unknown AFSCs: 45, 61, 62, 15W, 1C, 1P, 1S, 1T, 1U, 2A, 2E, 2T, 2W, 3E, 4B, 8F, 9S, 90G0, 9T000.
AFSC, Air Force Specialty Code; TGCT, testicular germ cell tumour.