Crew position: pilot, navigator, flight surgeon, weapon system operator/electronic warfare officer, load master

Type of aircraft: high gravity, low gravity, not flying

Total flying hours and average flying hours per month

Crew position

• Navigator: AOR=2.42, 95% CI=1.12 to 5.21

• Weapon system operator/electronic warfare officer: AOR=5.13, 95% CI=1.56 to 16.84

Type of aircraft: not significantly associated

Total flying hours and average flying hours per month: not significantly associated

Environmental factors

• Adequacy of bathroom breaks

• Adequacy of toilet facility

• Availability of relief persons

Job conditions

• Amount (length of time) of standing

• Frequency of straining to lift

• Job control

Most of the subscales of occupational stress and psychological strain showed higher results for nurses with OAB than for those OAB-free

Physical environment and interpersonal strain were positively associated with urgency, while rational/cognitive coping was negatively associated

Role insufficiency, role ambiguity, psychological strain and level of recreation were somewhat associated with OAB risk

Role ambiguity and physical environment were shown to have positive effects on frequency, as well recreation and rational/cognitive coping, which warrants careful interpretation

Employment status

Sitting hours per day

Frequently carrying more than 3 kg in weight

Employed women (compared with unemployed/retired)

• Stress UI: AOR=0.68, 95% CI=0.45 to 1.04

• Urge UI: AOR=1.67, 95% CI=1.16 to 2.41

• Mixed UI: AOR=1.52, 95% CI=1.03 to 2.26

Hours seated/day longer than 2 hours (compared with less than 2 hours)

• Stress UI: AOR=1.34, 95% CI=0.86 to 2.09

• Urge UI: AOR=0.64, 95% CI=0.43 to 0.94

• Mixed UI: AOR=0.57, 95% CI=0.38 to 0.86

Frequently carry >3 kg in weight

• Stress UI: AOR=0.76, 95% CI=0.39 to 1.49

• Urge UI: AOR=0.60, 95% CI=0.35 to 1.02

• Mixed UI: AOR=0.47, 95% CI=0.27 to 0.80

There were no significant differences in the prevalence of any type of LUTS between nurse and secretary groups

In the following situations, participants had experienced at least one more type of LUTS than the others

• Too busy to drink (p=0.011)

• Did not drink fluids until feeling thirsty (p=0.001)

• Did not have adequate toilet facilities (p=0.015)

• Delayed urinating (p=0.001)

• Did not have anyone to do their work when they were at the toilet (p=0.023)

• Lifting heavy loads at work (p=0.003)

Occupational status

• Job classification

• Employment status

• Work type

• Working hours

• Work schedule pattern

Occupational environment

• Unclean and uncomfortable workplace

• Dangerous job and probability of accidents

• Feeling pressed for time

• Awkward position for long periods

• Carrying heavy weights

Compared with unemployed women

• Paid workers: AOR=1.81, 95% CI=1.20 to 2.73

• Self-employed workers: AOR=1.46, 95% CI=1.05 to 2.03

• Working in services/sales: AOR=1.62, 95% CI=1.21 to 2.19

• Daytime work schedule: AOR=2.14, 95% CI=1.18 to 3.87

• Evening work schedule: AOR=1.35, 95% CI=1.05 to 1.74

UI was significantly associated with various occupational environments: an unclean and uncomfortable workplace, dangerous job and probability of accidents, feeling pressed for time, awkward position for long periods and carrying heavy weights

Nurse job stress scale

• Occupational stressor: heavy workloads, low salary, lack of an opportunity for promotion, fear of making a mistake in treating a patient, low social status, lack of an opportunity to continue education, frequent night shifts, not enough staff to adequately cover the unit, too many non-nursing tasks required, not enough time to provide emotional support to a patient

Work role

• Scrub nurse or other