Effects of indicated interventions for supporting mental health at the workplace
| Subtypes of interventions | Outcome domain | Specific outcome | k | n | SMD (95% CI) | P value | I 2 (95% CI) | Certainty* | Source |
| Psychosocial (various types) | MH symptoms | Burnout (Exhaust.) | 5 | NA | 0.26 (−0.01 to 0.52) | ns | NA | ⊕◯◯◯ | Maricuţoiu, 201623 |
| Burnout (Depers.) | 5 | NA | 0.37 (−0.19 to 0.93) | ns | NA | ⊕◯◯◯ | |||
| Burnout (Pers. Acc.) | 4 | NA | −0.44 (−1.08 to 0.20) | ns | NA | ⊕◯◯◯ | |||
| Depression | 16 | 4258 | 0.4 (0.25 to 0.54) | NA | 62 (NA) | ⊕⊕◯◯ | Nigatu, 201940 | ||
| Psychosocial (CBT-based) | MH symptoms | Depression | 10 | 3134 | 0.44 (0.26 to 0.61) | NA | 62 (NA) | ⊕⊕⊕◯ | Nigatu, 201940 |
| Psychosocial (various types, delivered through e-health) | MH symptoms | Stress, depression, psychological distress | 9 | 1844 | 0.52 (0.28 to 0.75) | <0.001 | 83 (69 to 91) | ⊕◯◯◯ | Carolan, 201722 |
| Stress | 9 | NA | 0.84 (0.55 to 1.13) | <0.001 | 87 (NA) | ⊕◯◯◯ | Phillips, 201934 | ||
| Depression | 11 | NA | 0.4 (0.21 to 0.53) | <0.001 | 62 (NA) | ⊕◯◯◯ | |||
| Anxiety | 9 | NA | 0.42 (0.23 to 0.61) | <0.001 | 70 (NA) | ⊕◯◯◯ | |||
| Burnout (overall) | 6 | NA | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.88) | <0.001 | 81 (NA) | ⊕◯◯◯ | |||
| Insomnia | 5 | NA | 0.8 (0.22 to 1.39) | <0.01 | 95 (NA) | ⊕◯◯◯ | |||
| Work related | Work effectiveness | 7 | 1465 | 0.32 (0.04 to 0.61) | 0.03 | 87 (74 to 93) | ⊕⊕◯◯ | Carolan, 201722 | |
| Psychosocial (CBT-based, delivered through e-health) | MH symptoms | Depression, anxiety, stress | 5 | 914 | 0.13 (−0.01 to 0.27) | 0.06 | 7 (NA) | ⊕⊕⊕◯ | Stratton, 201729 |
| Psychosocial (stress management, delivered through e-health) | MH symptoms | Depression, anxiety, stress | 2 | 414 | 0.64 (0.43 to 0.85) | 0.001 | 70 (NA) | ⊕◯◯◯ | Stratton, 201730 |
k is based on the number of comparisons between interventions and control conditions included in the analyses.
Subtypes of interventions: This column specifies the major intervention categories (psychosocial, physical activity, lifestyle) as well as the content of the interventions included (eg, CBT-based, mindfulness, etc). When a meta-analysis included various interventions with different contents pooled together, we specified it as ‘various types’. When we specified ‘delivered through e-health’, it meant that all interventions included in a meta-analysis were delivered through e-health technologies.
*Certainty levels: ⊕◯◯◯=very low, ⊕⊕◯◯=low, ⊕⊕⊕◯=moderate, ⊕⊕⊕⊕=high.
Depers., depersonalisation; Exhaust., exhaustion; Funct., functioning; k, number of studies or comparisons included in the analysis; MD, mean difference; MH, mental health; n, number of participants in the analysis; NA, not reported in the review or not possible to impute or calculate; ns, not significant; QoL, quality of life; SMD, standarised mean difference.