Occupational exposures | Authors, years and cohort | Meta-analysis (β-coefficient) | ||||
Alif et al.1 (2019) (TAHS cohort) | de Jong et al.2 (2014) (VVS) | Lytras et al. 29 (2020) (ECRHS cohort) | Lytras et al. 29 (2020) (SAPALDIA cohort) | |||
Biological dust | 0.1 (−0.04 to 0.3) | −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.00) | −0.39 (−1.13 to 0.31) | −0.81 (−1.59 to −0.05)* | Fixed | −0.02 (−0.04 to −0.00)* |
Random | −0.09 (−0.24 to 0.06) | |||||
Mineral dust | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.2) | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.01) | −0.39 (−0.96 to 0.20) | −0.5 (−1.22 to 0.21) | Fixed | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.01) |
Random | −0.06 (−0.17 to 0.05) | |||||
Gases/fumes | −0.1 (−0.3 to −0.1)* | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | −0.10 (−0.62 to 0.43) | −0.23 (−0.89 to 0.42) | Fixed | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.00) |
Random | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.00) | |||||
VGDF | −0.03 (−0.14 to 0.07) | −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.00)* | −0.10 (−0.51 to 0.32) | −0.38 (-0.87 to 0.12) | Fixed | −0.02 (−0.04 to −0.00)* |
Random | −0.02 (−0.04 to −0.00)* | |||||
Fungicides | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.5) | −0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01)* | −1.62 (−3.10 to −0.14)* | 0.17 (−1.45 to 1.75) | Fixed | −0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01)* |
Random | −0.14 (−0.43 to 0.14) | |||||
Herbicides | 0.3 (−0.1 to 0.7) | −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.01) | −2.74 (−4.82 to −0.54)* | 0.23 (−1.45 to 1.88) | Fixed | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.00) |
Random | −0.25 (−0.69 to 0.20) | |||||
Insecticides | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4) | −0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01)* | −1.56 (−3.03 to −0.11)* | 0.04 (−1.03 to 1.10) | Fixed | −0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01)* |
Random | −0.08 (−0.28 to 0.12) | |||||
Aromatic solvents | −0.6 (−1.0 to −0.3)* | NA | 0.57 (−0.56 to 1.70) | −0.59 (−1.97 to 0.78) | Fixed | −0.60 (−0.92 to −0.27)* |
Random | −0.60 (−0.92 to −0.27)* | |||||
Chlorinated solvent | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | NA | −0.48 (−1.34 to 0.37) | −0.50 (−1.50 to 0.50) | Fixed | −0.13 (-−0.32 to 0.06) |
Random | −0.13 (−0.32 to 0.06) | |||||
Metals | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.1) | NA | −0.51 (−1.28 to 0.27) | −0.75 (−1.71 to 0.21) | Fixed | −0.13 (-0.27 to 0.02) |
Random | −0.23 (−0.57 to 0.10) |
Data are presented as coefficients (95% confidence intervals).
*Statistically significant associations.
ECRHS, European Community Respiratory Health Survey Study; NA, Not Applicable; SAPALDIA, Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults; TAHS, Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study; VGDF, Vapours, Dust, Gases and Fumes ; VVS, Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen Study.