Men | Women | |||||
Occupation | Age adjusted | Adjusted for confounders | Fully adjusted | Age adjusted | Adjusted for confounders | Fully adjusted |
All essential workers* | 1.45 (1.34–1.56) | 1.31 (1.21–1.41) | 1.22 (1.13–1.32) | 1.16 (1.05–1.28) | 1.10 (0.99–1.21) | 1.06 (0.96–1.17) |
Taxi and cab drivers and chauffeurs | 3.08 (2.56–3.70) | 2.01 (1.67–2.43) | 1.39 (1.14–1.70) | 3.94 (1.634–9.48) | 2.59 (1.075–6.26) | 2.45 (1.014–5.92) |
Support staff | 2.39 (1.68–3.41) | 1.98 (1.39–2.83) | 1.74 (1.22–2.49) | 0.95 (0.673–1.34) | 2.07 (0.860–5.00) | 0.78 (0.550–1.10) |
Bus and coach drivers | 2.33 (1.81–3.00) | 1.53 (1.19–1.98) | 1.11 (0.85–1.45) | 2.95 (1.226–7.12) | 1.05 (0.860–1.28) | 1.73 (0.716–4.18) |
Sanitary workers | 1.84 (1.46–2.32) | 1.12 (0.89–1.42) | 1.18 (0.93–1.50) | 1.78 (1.473–2.16) | 1.36 (1.164–1.59) | 1.09 (0.892–1.33) |
Social care | 1.83 (1.51–2.20) | 1.54 (1.27–1.85) | 1.27 (1.04–1.53) | 1.62 (1.390–1.89) | 1.16 (0.480–2.79) | 1.18 (1.010–1.39) |
Van drivers | 1.81 (1.48–2.22) | 1.28 (1.05–1.57) | 1.26 (1.03–1.55) | 1.59 (0.661–3.84) | 1.09 (0.709–1.66) | 1.27 (0.526–3.06) |
Health associate professionals | 1.65 (1.26–2.16) | 2.11 (1.60–2.78) | 1.86 (1.41–2.46) | 0.92 (0.746–1.15) | 1.07 (0.914–1.26) | 1.22 (0.969–1.54) |
Food retail and distribution | 1.41 (1.22–1.63) | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 1.39 (1.187–1.63) | 0.89 (0.633–1.26) | 1.02 (0.867–1.20) |
Other transport workers | 1.21 (1.02–1.43) | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | 1.10 (0.93–1.30) | 0.36 (0.115–1.11) | 1.33 (1.052–1.67) | 0.31 (0.098–0.95) |
Health professionals | 1.21 (0.82–1.78) | 1.88 (1.27–2.79) | 1.45 (0.97–2.15) | 0.25 (0.079–0.76) | 0.79 (0.623–1.00) | 0.45 (0.145–1.42) |
Food production | 1.12 (0.86–1.45) | 1.17 (0.90–1.52) | 1.15 (0.89–1.50) | 1.48 (0.968–2.26) | 0.50 (0.161–1.56) | 1.15 (0.750–1.77) |
Education | 0.63 (0.47–0.84) | 0.86 (0.64–1.16) | 0.91 (0.68–1.23) | 0.56 (0.446–0.70) | 0.31 (0.099–0.96) | 0.83 (0.653–1.05) |
Police and protective services | 0.45 (0.31–0.67) | 0.59 (0.40–0.88) | 0.60 (0.40–0.88) | 0.38 (0.123–1.19) | 0.44 (0.141–1.37) | 0.50 (0.160–1.54) |
Note: fully adjusted Cox regression models include geographical factors (region, population density and urban/rural classification), ethnicity, socioeconomic characteristics (Index of Multiple Deprivation decile group, household deprivation, educational attainment, social grade, household tenancy, type of accommodation, household size, multigenerational household and household with children), health (body mass index, chronic kidney disease, learning disability, cancer or immunosuppression and other conditions). See online supplemental table S3 for more details.
*Essential workers include all types of essential workers listed in the table. The HR for essential workers is obtained using a separate model, where the exposure is a binary variable.