Personal factors and risk of CTS-related work disability, HRs and 95% CIs adjusted for age, gender, BMI and consortium research site
| Pace/quality change (N=319; n=157; IR=33.2 per 100 PYs) | Lost time (N=362; n=97; IR=16.3 per 100 PYs) | Job change (N=360; n=112; IR=20.0 per 100 PYs;) | ||||||||||
| N | Cases (n) | HR | 95% CI | N | Cases (n) | HR | 95% CI | N | Cases (n) | HR | 95% CI | |
| Gender* | 317 | 155 | 360 | 97 | 358 | 110 | ||||||
| Male | 36 | 1.00 | 19 | 1.00 | 20 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Female | 119 | 1.27 | 0.85 to 1.89 | 78 | 1.13 | 0.67 to 1.92 | 90 | 1.47 | 0.9 to 2.39 | |||
| Age (years)† | 317 | 155 | 360 | 97 | 358 | 110 | ||||||
| <30 years of age | 18 | 1.00 | 8 | 1.00 | 12 | 1.00 | ||||||
| ≥30 and <40 years of age≥ | 34 | 0.79 | 0.42 to 1.46 | 20 | 1.02 | 0.45 to 2.31 | 26 | 0.94 | 0.43 to 2.05 | |||
| ≥40 and <50 years of age | 58 | 0.48 | 0.26 to 0.88 | 34 | 0.84 | 0.38 to 1.84 | 42 | 0.51 | 0.23 to 1.11 | |||
| ≥50 years of age | 45 | 0.54 | 0.29 to 0.99 | 35 | 1.18 | 0.55 to 2.52 | 30 | 0.49 | 0.22 to 1.08 | |||
| Ethnicity | 274 | 130 | 314 | 82 | 312 | 94 | ||||||
| Caucasian | 89 | 1.00 | 59 | 1.00 | 72 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 37 | 1.92 | 1.24 to 2.97 | 15 | 1.64 | 0.85 to 3.17 | 15 | 1.54 | 0.84 to 2.83 | |||
| Black/African American | 30 | 0.86 | 0.38 to 1.94 | -- | 0.00 | 0 to 0 | -- | 0.00 | 0 to 0 | |||
| Asian | 13 | 0.99 | 0.29 to 3.39 | -- | 0.00 | 0 to 0 | -- | 0.00 | 0 to 0 | |||
| Other | 13 | 0.98 | 0.39 to 2.49 | 8 | 0.65 | 0.31 to 1.38 | 7 | 0.52 | 0.22 to 1.25 | |||
| Education | 312 | 150 | 355 | 96 | 353 | 109 | ||||||
| Some high school or less | 17 | 1.00 | 13 | 1.00 | 8 | 1.00 | ||||||
| High school graduate or above | 133 | 0.89 | 0.55 to 1.45 | 83 | 0.68 | 0.37 to 1.25 | 101 | 1.54 | 0.79 to 3.01 | |||
| Handedness | 317 | 155 | 360 | 97 | 358 | 110 | ||||||
| Left handed | 13 | 1.00 | 10 | 1.00 | 8 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Right handed | 142 | 1.78 | 1.06 to 2.99 | 87 | 1.17 | 0.66 to 2.06 | 110 | 2.11 | 1.12 to 3.98 | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 317 | 155 | 360 | 97 | 358 | 110 | ||||||
| <25 | 24 | 1.00 | 11 | 1.00 | 22 | 1.00 | ||||||
| ≥25 and <30 (overweight) | 54 | 1.30 | 0.83 to 2.03 | 29 | 1.88 | 0.88 to 4.0 | 33 | 0.80 | 0.46 to 1.39 | |||
| ≥30 (obese) | 77 | 1.11 | 0.58 to 2.13 | 57 | 3.40 | 1.31 to 8.8 | 55 | 0.60 | 0.27 to 1.31 | |||
| General health | 305 | 145 | 346 | 93 | 343 | 106 | ||||||
| Very good or excellent | 57 | 1.00 | 40 | 1.00 | 47 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Good | 63 | 1.25 | 0.86 to 1.82 | 40 | 1.09 | 0.70 to 1.72 | 43 | 1.02 | 0.66 to 1.6 | |||
| Fair or poor | 25 | 1.80 | 1.12 to 2.88 | 13 | 1.37 | 0.64 to 2.91 | 16 | 1.69 | 1.00 to 2.86 | |||
| Comorbidity | 317 | 155 | 360 | 97 | 358 | 110 | ||||||
| No medical condition | 124 | 1.00 | 74 | 1.00 | 85 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Current medical condition | 31 | 0.91 | 0.61 to 1.36 | 23 | 1.01 | 0.62 to 1.64 | 25 | 1.01 | 0.65 to 1.58 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 | 0.70 | 0.31 to 1.58 | 8 | 1.12 | 0.55 to 2.29 | 7 | 0.71 | 0.31 to 1.63 | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 12 | 1.50 | 0.79 to 2.85 | 9 | 1.40 | 0.71 to 2.74 | 7 | 0.92 | 0.41 to 2.05 | |||
| Thyroid disease | 14 | 0.70 | 0.43 to 1.14 | 12 | 1.01 | 0.54 to 1.9 | 15 | 1.13 | 0.7 to 1.83 | |||
| Previous distal UEMSD | 252 | 137 | 272 | 87 | 271 | 100 | ||||||
| No previous distal UEMSD | 94 | 1.00 | 54 | 1.00 | 72 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Previous distal UEMSD | 43 | 1.20 | 0.82 to 1.75 | 33 | 1.29 | 0.82 to 2.01 | 28 | 0.90 | 0.57 to 1.42 | |||
| Smoking status | 315 | 154 | 357 | 97 | 355 | 110 | ||||||
| Never smoked | 77 | 1.00 | 52 | 1.00 | 56 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Currently smokes | 40 | 1.17 | 0.78 to 1.77 | 20 | 0.82 | 0.46 to 1.45 | 29 | 1.32 | 0.80 to 2.18 | |||
| Previously smoked | 37 | 1.10 | 0.74 to 1.66 | 25 | 0.97 | 0.60 to 1.56 | 25 | 1.01 | 0.62 to 1.64 | |||
| Non-occupational weekly aerobic non-hand activity | 189 | 123 | 202 | 85 | 197 | 95 | ||||||
| ≤3 hours/week | 56 | 1.00 | 25 | 1.00 | 43 | 1.00 | ||||||
| >3 hours/week | 67 | 0.70 | 0.49 to 1.00 | 60 | 1.88 | 1.18 to 3.00 | 52 | 0.73 | 0.48 to 1.11 | |||
| Non-occupational weekly hand intensive activity | 250 | 136 | 271 | 87 | 270 | 100 | ||||||
| ≤3 hours/week | 28 | 1.00 | 10 | 1.00 | 14 | 1.00 | ||||||
| >3 hours/week | 108 | 0.92 | 0.60 to 1.41 | 77 | 2.09 | 1.06 to 4.13 | 86 | 1.57 | 0.90 to 2.75 | |||
| Summary of workplace factors | ||||||||||||
| Years worked at enrolment | 312 | 150 | 355 | 96 | 353 | 108 | ||||||
| ≤1 year | 9 | 1.00 | 7 | 1.00 | 6 | 1.00 | ||||||
| >1 year and ≤3 years | 13 | 1.73 | 0.65 to 4.60 | 7 | 0.63 | 0.23 to 1.73 | 12 | 3.98 | 1.38 to 11.44 | |||
| >3 years and ≤7 years | 56 | 2.33 | 1.06 to 5.09 | 38 | 1.20 | 0.53 to 2.71 | 34 | 2.26 | 0.83 to 6.18 | |||
| >7 years and ≤12 years | 40 | 2.00 | 0.88 to 4.53 | 28 | 0.74 | 0.31 to 1.76 | 31 | 3.03 | 1.08 to 8.53 | |||
| >12 years | 32 | 2.21 | 0.93 to 5.24 | 16 | 0.42 | 0.16 to 1.08 | 25 | 3.17 | 1.05 to 9.56 | |||
| Job satisfaction | 308 | 147 | 350 | 95 | 347 | 108 | ||||||
| Very satisfied | 27 | 1.00 | 19 | 1.00 | 19 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Satisfied | 82 | 1.69 | 1.09 to 2.62 | 50 | 0.89 | 0.50 to 1.58 | 61 | 1.57 | 0.94 to 2.63 | |||
| Not satisfied | 38 | 2.02 | 1.21 to 3.37 | 26 | 1.24 | 0.67 to 2.29 | 28 | 1.60 | 0.86 to 3.00 | |||
Bold text denotes statistical significance at p<0.05.
*Adjusted only for age, BMI and consortium research site.
†Adjusted only for gender, BMI and consortium research site.
BMI, body mass index; CTS, carpal tunnel syndrome; IR, incidence rate; UEMSDs, upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders.