Unadjusted ORs and adjusted ORs (aORs) between allergic outcomes and environmental exposures in non-smoking women living in Matina County, Costa Rica, 2016–2017 (n=266)
| Exposure | n exposed | Rhinitis (n=25) | Eczema (n=83) | Itchy rash (n=25) | |||
| OR (95% CI) | aOR* (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | aOR* (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | aOR* (95% CI) | ||
| Occupational/residential exposures (n=266) | |||||||
| Mother currently works in banana or other agriculture business | 47 | 0.19 (0.01 to 0.94) | 0.19 (0.01 to 0.93) | 2.51 (1.31 to 4.81) | 2.54 (1.33 to 4.89) | 3.08 (1.22 to 7.45) | 3.17 (1.24 to 7.73) |
| Father currently works on banana plantation | 125 | 0.2 (0.06 to 0.54) | 0.2 (0.06 to 0.56) | 1.12 (0.66 to 1.90) | 1.08 (0.63 to 1.84) | 0.88 (0.37 to 2.05) | 0.81 (0.34 to 1.90) |
| Father worked in other agriculture business in last 3 years | 21 | 1.02 (0.15 to 3.85) | 1.04 (0.16 to 3.94) | 1.37 (0.52 to 3.41) | 1.34 (0.51 to 3.33) | 3.57 (1.08 to 10.30) | 3.44 (1.03 to 10.00) |
| Pesticide used inside the home | 139 | 1.34 (0.56 to 3.35) | 1.36 (0.57 to 3.40) | 1.03 (0.61 to 1.76) | 1 (0.59 to 1.71) | 1.33 (0.56 to 3.31) | 1.25 (0.52 to 3.13) |
| Government spraying | 146 | 2.47 (0.99 to 7.03) | 2.43 (0.97 to 6.93) | 0.94 (0.55 to 1.61) | 0.96 (0.56 to 1.65) | 0.66 (0.28 to 1.56) | 0.69 (0.29 to 1.64) |
| Smoke from waste burning reached house | |||||||
| Never | 44 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Some months/monthly | 54 | 2.49 (0.54 to 17.65) | 2.55 (0.55 to 18.15) | 1.19 (0.51 to 2.86) | 1.18 (0.50 to 2.83) | 1.44 (0.49 to 4.57) | 1.41 (0.47 to 4.51) |
| Weekly/daily | 168 | 2.4 (0.65 to 15.56) | 2.38 (0.64 to 15.43) | 1.07 (0.53 to 2.27) | 1.09 (0.53 to 2.31) | 0.36 (0.12 to 1.13) | 0.37 (0.12 to 1.16) |
| Current metabolites† (n=259) | |||||||
| Pesticides | |||||||
| ETU | 70 | 0.83 (0.29 to 2.05) | 0.83 (0.29 to 2.08) | 0.93 (0.50 to 1.66) | 0.92 (0.50 to 1.65) | 1.1 (0.41 to 2.65) | 1.08 (0.40 to 2.61) |
| TCP | 63 | 1.91 (0.77 to 4.50) | 1.93 (0.77 to 4.55) | 1.14 (0.61 to 2.06) | 1.13 (0.61 to 2.06) | 0.59 (0.17 1.62) | 0.58 (0.16 to 1.60) |
| 2,4-D | 65 | 0.38 (0.09 to 1.15) | 0.38 (0.09 to 1.14) | 1.17 (0.64 to 2.11) | 1.19 (0.65 to 2.15) | 0.97 (0.34 to 2.43) | 1 (0.35 to 2.51) |
| OHP | 66 | 1.19 (0.44 to 2.90) | 1.18 (0.44 to 2.87) | 1.14 (0.62 to 2.05) | 1.16 (0.63 to 2.08) | 0.55 (0.16 to 1.51) | 0.57 (0.16 to 1.57) |
| OHT | 70 | 0.39 (0.09 to 1.18) | 0.38 (0.09 to 1.16) | 1.71 (0.96 to 3.02) | 1.72 (0.96 to 3.04) | 2.01 (0.83 to 4.67) | 2.04 (0.84 to 4.76) |
| 3PBA | 65 | 1.86 (0.75 to 4.38) | 1.96 (0.78 to 4.66) | 1.07 (0.58 to 1.93) | 1.04 (0.56 to 1.88) | 1.23 (0.46 to 2.97) | 1.13 (0.42 to 2.77) |
| DCCA | 65 | 1.77 (0.71 to 4.16) | 1.81 (0.73 to 4.28) | 0.88 (0.47 to 1.61) | 0.87 (0.47 to 1.60) | 1.52 (0.59 to 3.61) | 1.49 (0.58 to 3.55) |
| Pyrethroid‡ | 64 | 1.56 (0.61 to 3.72) | 1.6 (0.62 to 3.83) | 1.33 (0.73 to 2.39) | 1.31 (0.71 to 2.35) | 1.55 (0.61 to 3.69) | 1.49 (0.58 to 3.56) |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | |||||||
| 1-HP | 71 | 0.86 (0.30 to 2.15) | 0.88 (0.31 to 2.22) | 1.28 (0.71 to 2.27) | 1.24 (0.69 to 2.21) | 1.28 (0.50 to 3.02) | 1.18 (0.46 to 2.83) |
| 2-OH-PH | 62 | 0.59 (0.17 to 1.65) | 0.6 (0.17 to 1.67) | 1.06 (0.57 to 1.94) | 1.04 (0.56 to 1.91) | 1.92 (0.77 to 4.52) | 1.86 (0.74 to 4.4) |
*ORs adjusted for obesity (BMI ≥30).
†Dichotomised at the 75th percentile.
‡Sum of 3PBA and DCCA.
BMI, body mass index; DCCA, 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid; ETU, ethylenethiourea; 1-HP, 1-hydroxypyrene; 2-OH-HP, hydroxyphenanthrene; OHP, hydroxypyrimethanil; OHT, 5-hydroxythiabendazole; 3PBA, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid; TCP, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol.