Association between baseline occupational noise exposure and stroke incidence
| N cases | Model 1 HR (95% CI) | Model 2† HR (95% CI) | Model 3‡ HR (95% CI) | |
| Occupational noise, all strokes | ||||
| <70 dB(A) | 4526 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 70–74 dB(A) | 1455 | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.11) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) |
| 75–79 dB(A) | 818 | 1.08 (1.00 to 1.16) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.12) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.10) |
| 80–84 dB(A) | 517 | 1.10 (1.00 to 1.21) | 1.04 (0.94 to 1.14) | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.10) |
| ≥85 dB(A) | 461 | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.23) | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.12) |
| Occupational noise, ischaemic strokes | ||||
| <70 dB(A) | 2554 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 70–74 dB(A) | 784 | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.15) | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.14) | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.12) |
| 75–79 dB(A) | 479 | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.25) | 1.10 (0.99 to 1.22) | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.20) |
| 80–84 dB(A) | 327 | 1.18 (1.05 to 1.33) | 1.14 (1.01 to 1.29) | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.24) |
| ≥85 dB(A) | 257 | 1.14 (1.00 to 1.30) | 1.10 (0.96 to 1.26) | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.21) |
| Occupational noise, haemorrhagic strokes | ||||
| <70 dB(A) | 542 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 70–74 dB(A) | 184 | 1.12 (0.95 to 1.33) | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.32) | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.31) |
| 75–79 dB(A) | 94 | 1.04 (0.84 to 1.30) | 1.02 (0.81 to 1.28) | 1.01 (0.80 to 1.27) |
| 80–84 dB(A) | 46 | 0.82 (0.60 to 1.12) | 0.79 (0.57 to 1.08) | 0.76 (0.56 to 1.05) |
| ≥85 dB(A) | 47 | 0.96 (0.71 to 1.30) | 0.93 (0.68 to 1.28) | 0.90 (0.66 to 1.24) |
| Occupational noise, unspecified strokes | ||||
| <70 dB(A) | 1429 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 70–74 dB(A) | 491 | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.12) | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.04) |
| 75–79 dB(A) | 244 | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.14) | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.06) | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.03) |
| 80–84 dB(A) | 142 | 1.05 (0.88 to 1.25) | 0.95 (0.79 to 1.13) | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.08) |
| ≥85 dB(A) | 157 | 1.13 (0.95 to 1.33) | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.20) | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.13) |
*Adjusted for age (underlying time scale), sex and calendar year at baseline (5-year periods).
†Model 1 plus adjustment for education level (low, medium, high), marital status (married/cohabiting, single), area-income (quartiles).
‡Model 2 plus adjustment for smoking status (never, former, current), and physical activity (low, medium, high).