Table 2

Characteristics of the study population by type of cooking biomass fuels, N=1137

VariablesCrop residues
(n=344)
Fuelwood
(n=793)
P value*
n (%) or mean±SDn (%) or mean±SD
Age at delivery (years)23.4±4.522.8±4.10.03
Birth gender
 Male177 (51.4)394 (49.7)0.58
 Female167 (48.6)399 (50.3)
BMI at enrolment (kg/m2)19.8±2.920.8±3.3<0.001
Monthly household income (taka)
 ≤300085 (24.7)108 (13.6)<0.01
 3001–400095 (27.6)209 (26.4)0.40
 4001–500094 (27.3)246 (31.0)0.54
 5001–600045 (13.1)124 (15.6)0.42
 >600025 (7.3)106 (13.4)Reference
Secondhand smoke exposure
 Yes166 (48.3)312 (39.3)0.01
 No178 (51.7)481 (60.7)Reference
Study site
 Pabna218 (63.4)342 (39.3)<0.001
 Sirajdikhan126 (36.6)451 (60.7)Reference
Time spent cooking (hour/day)2.5±0.82.4±0.70.68
Low birth weight83 (24.1)104 (13.1)<0.01
Preterm birth82 (23.8)168 (21.2)0.32
SGA72 (23.0)140 (18.9)0.13
LGA25 (9.3)49 (7.5)0.38
  • SGA excludes LGA, and LGA excludes SGA.

  • *P value for comparing the difference between users of crop residues versus fuelwood, given by logistic regression analysis.

  • LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age.