Characteristics of the study population by type of cooking biomass fuels, N=1137
| Variables | Crop residues (n=344) | Fuelwood (n=793) | P value* |
| n (%) or mean±SD | n (%) or mean±SD | ||
| Age at delivery (years) | 23.4±4.5 | 22.8±4.1 | 0.03 |
| Birth gender | |||
| Male | 177 (51.4) | 394 (49.7) | 0.58 |
| Female | 167 (48.6) | 399 (50.3) | |
| BMI at enrolment (kg/m2) | 19.8±2.9 | 20.8±3.3 | <0.001 |
| Monthly household income (taka) | |||
| ≤3000 | 85 (24.7) | 108 (13.6) | <0.01 |
| 3001–4000 | 95 (27.6) | 209 (26.4) | 0.40 |
| 4001–5000 | 94 (27.3) | 246 (31.0) | 0.54 |
| 5001–6000 | 45 (13.1) | 124 (15.6) | 0.42 |
| >6000 | 25 (7.3) | 106 (13.4) | Reference |
| Secondhand smoke exposure | |||
| Yes | 166 (48.3) | 312 (39.3) | 0.01 |
| No | 178 (51.7) | 481 (60.7) | Reference |
| Study site | |||
| Pabna | 218 (63.4) | 342 (39.3) | <0.001 |
| Sirajdikhan | 126 (36.6) | 451 (60.7) | Reference |
| Time spent cooking (hour/day) | 2.5±0.8 | 2.4±0.7 | 0.68 |
| Low birth weight | 83 (24.1) | 104 (13.1) | <0.01 |
| Preterm birth | 82 (23.8) | 168 (21.2) | 0.32 |
| SGA | 72 (23.0) | 140 (18.9) | 0.13 |
| LGA | 25 (9.3) | 49 (7.5) | 0.38 |
SGA excludes LGA, and LGA excludes SGA.
*P value for comparing the difference between users of crop residues versus fuelwood, given by logistic regression analysis.
LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age.