Never | Ever | ||||||
0 year | <1 year | 1–2 years | 3–5 years | 6–9 years | ≥10 years | Total (ever) | |
Men, n | 89 582 | 7847 | 13 722 | 19 681 | 12 135 | 43 905 | 97 290 |
Deaths from cancer, cases | 7688 | 628 | 1191 | 1772 | 1137 | 4496 | 9224 |
Age adjusted | 1 (Reference) | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.04) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.10) | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.16) | 1.16 (1.09 to 1.24) | 1.27 (1.22 to 1.31) | 1.16 (1.12 to 1.20) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 1 | 1 (Reference) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.07) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.11) | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.14) | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.18) | 1.11 (1.06 to 1.16) | 1.08 (1.05 to 1.12) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 2 | 1 (Reference) | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.06) | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.07) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.10) | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.12) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.11) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 3* | 1 (Reference) | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.05) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.09) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.11) | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.10) | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.07) |
Deaths from CVD, cases | 7366 | 569 | 986 | 1568 | 1038 | 4450 | 8611 |
Age-adjusted | 1 (Reference) | 0.91 (0.83 to 0.99) | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.97) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09) | 1.12 (1.05 to 1.20) | 1.33 (1.28 to 1.38) | 1.15 (1.11 to 1.18) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 1 | 1 (Reference) | 0.94 (0.86 to 1.02) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.15) | 1.13 (1.08 to 1.15) | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.08) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 2 | 1 (Reference) | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.02) | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.11) | 1.11 (1.06 to 1.16) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.06) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 3† | 1 (Reference) | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.03) | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.04) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.10) | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.15) | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) |
Deaths from non-cancer/CVD, cases | 7208 | 562 | 997 | 1557 | 977 | 4154 | 8247 |
Age adjusted | 1 (Reference) | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.99) | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.10) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.15) | 1.27 (1.22 to 1.32) | 1.12 (1.09 to 1.16) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 1 | 1 (Reference) | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.03) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01) | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.08) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.09) | 1.07 (1.03 to 1.12) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.05) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 2 | 1 (Reference) | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.04) | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.07) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.08) | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 3 | 1 (Reference) | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.04) | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.05) | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.05) | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.08) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.03) |
Women, n | 113 552 | 1407 | 2131 | 3729 | 3122 | 11 313 | 21 702 |
Deaths from cancer, cases | 7771 | 105 | 144 | 261 | 258 | 839 | 1607 |
Age adjusted | 1 (Reference) | 1.21 (0.99 to 1.48) | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.32) | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.35) | 1.37 (1.21 to 1.57) | 1.14 (1.06 to 1.23) | 1.18 (1.12 to 1.25) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1.18 (0.96 to 1.45) | 1.08 (0.90 to 1.28) | 1.15 (1.01 to 1.31) | 1.33 (1.17 to 1.52) | 1.08 (1.00 to 1.17) | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.20) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 2 | 1 (Reference) | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.38) | 1.02 (0.86 to 1.22) | 1.06 (0.93 to 1.21) | 1.22 (1.07 to 1.40) | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.11) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.13) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 3* | 1 (Reference) | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.33) | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.21) | 1.03 (0.91 to 1.16) | 1.20 (1.06 to 1.36) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.11) | 1.07 (1.00 to 1.15) |
Deaths from CVD, cases | 5783 | 74 | 101 | 207 | 172 | 658 | 1212 |
Age adjusted | 1 (Reference) | 1.20 (0.95 to 1.50) | 1.11 (0.91 to 1.35) | 1.32 (1.15 to 1.51) | 1.30 (1.11 to 1.50) | 1.26 (1.16 to 1.37) | 1.26 (1.18 to 1.34) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.40) | 1.05 (0.86 to 1.27) | 1.24 (1.08 to 1.42) | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.39) | 1.12 (1.04 to 1.22) | 1.14 (1.08 to 1.22) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 2 | 1 (Reference) | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.34) | 1.03 (0.84 to 1.25) | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.35) | 1.14 (0.98 to 1.33) | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.17) | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.17) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 3† | 1 (Reference) | 1.03 (0.82 to 1.29) | 1.02 (0.83 to 1.24) | 1.15 (1.00 to 1.33) | 1.11 (0.95 to 1.29) | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.15) | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.10) |
Deaths from non-cancer/CVD, cases | 7310 | 89 | 146 | 256 | 192 | 853 | 1536 |
Age-adjusted | 1 (Reference) | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.39) | 1.24 (1.05 to 1.46) | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.43) | 1.12 (0.97 to 1.29) | 1.28 (1.19 to 1.37) | 1.24 (1.17 to 1.31) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1.06 (0.86 to 1.31) | 1.18 (0.99 to 1.39) | 1.19 (1.05 to 1.35) | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.19) | 1.15 (1.07 to 1.24) | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.21) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 2 | 1 (Reference) | 1.02 (0.82 to 1.25) | 1.16 (0.98 to 1.37) | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.28) | 0.99 (0.84 to 1.15) | 1.12 (1.04 to 1.20) | 1.09 (1.03 to 1.16) |
Multivariable-adjusted model 3 | 1 (Reference) | 0.93 (0.75 to 1.14) | 1.14 (0.97 to 1.34) | 1.08 (0.95 to 1.22) | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.09) | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.13) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.10) |
SValues are HRs (95% CI). Multivariable-adjusted model 1 was adjusted for socioeconomic factors (age, deprivation index, educational level, race and marital status). Multivariable-adjusted model 2 was adjusted as multivariable-adjusted model 1 plus lifestyle behaviours (energy intake, Healthy Eating Index, smoking status, alcohol intake, leisure time moderate to vigorous physical activity and body mass index categories). Multivariable-adjusted model 3 was adjusted as multivariable-adjusted model 2 plus cardiometabolic risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia) and chronic health conditions (coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer excluding colorectal cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer, osteoporosis and pulmonary emphysema.
*The cancer variable was not included in this model, since they may be potential precursors (ie, mediators) of cancer mortality.
†The diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, coronary heart disease, stroke variables, potential were not included in this model, since they may be potential precursors (ie, mediators) of cardiovascular mortality.
CVD, cardiovascular disease.