Results from the exploratory analyses* of birth defects associated with maternal occupations as a nail technician with frequent work† or combination nail technician-hairdresser in comparison with non-cosmetologist during pregnancy, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011
| Birth defect | Nail technicians with frequent work† | Combination nail technician-hairdressers | ||||
| n | OR | 95% CI | n | OR | 95% CI | |
| Congenital heart defects | ||||||
| Any heart defect | 14 | 2.2 | 1.0 to 5.1 | 4 | 0.8 | 0.2 to 2.7 |
| RVOTO | 4 | 3.6 | 1.1 to 11.8 | NR | ||
| Pulmonary valve stenosis | 3 | 3.9 | 1.0 to 15.0 | NR | ||
| Septal defects | 6 | 2.9 | 1.0 to 8.3 | NR | ||
| Atrial septal defect | 3 | 2.5 | 0.7 to 9.3 | NR | ||
| Non-heart defects | ||||||
| Neural tube defects | 4 | 2.9 | 0.9 to 9.6 | NR | ||
| Oral clefts | NR | 10 | 4.2 | 1.5 to 11.5 | ||
| Cleft palate | NR | 4 | 5.2 | 1.5 to 18.6 | ||
| Cleft lip w/wo cleft palate | NR | 6 | 3.9 | 1.2 to 12.0 | ||
| Cleft lip with cleft palate | NR | 5 | 5.3 | 1.6 to 17.3 | ||
*Controlling for mother’s smoking status, age at delivery (in continuous years), education level and race/ethnicity.
†Nail technicians working 20 hours per week or more and at least 60 days during early pregnancy.
NR, not reportable based on n<3; RVOTO, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction; w/wo, with or without.