Cumulative exposure to monomers as of the end of follow-up in the overall six-plant cohort and in cohort subgroups
Group (total number in group) | Butadiene ppm-years | Styrene ppm-years | ||||||
N (%)* | Range | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | N (%) | Range | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | |
Total cohort (21 087) | 14 004 (66) | >0.00–9264 | 48 (11–167) | 187 (517) | 15 422 (73) | >0.00–1618 | 11 (2.8–36) | 38 (98) |
Sex | ||||||||
Male (16 579) | 12 814 (77) | >0.00–9264 | 54 (13–178) | 197 (537) | 14 006 (84) | >0.00–1618 | 13 (3.4–38) | 40 (101) |
Female (4508) | 1190 (26) | >0.00–1980 | 8.0 (1.6–45) | 76 (184) | 1416 (31) | >0.00–380 | 1.8 (0.3–11) | 19 (48) |
Plant, location | ||||||||
Kentucky (1563) | 1144 (73) | >0.00–1499 | 75 (15–245) | 195 (280) | 1171 (75) | 0.01–477 | 20 (5.8–48) | 38 (53) |
Louisiana (2463) | 1815 (74) | 0.05–4185 | 72 (20–230) | 251 (502) | 1782 (72) | >0.00–1469 | 16 (4.6–57) | 71 (169) |
Louisiana (2849) | 1524 (53) | 0.01–9264 | 73 (15–320) | 483 (1267) | 2092 (73) | >0.00–1618 | 13 (3.7–48) | 65 (178) |
Texas (2929) | 1690 (58) | >0.00–2114 | 38 (10–134) | 132 (239) | 2227 (76) | >0.00–516 | 5.9 (1.7–22) | 21 (40) |
Ontario (7044) | 4936 (70) | >0.00–5141 | 43 (8.3–143) | 139 (282) | 4846 (69) | >0.00–442 | 12 (2.4–36) | 33 (54) |
Texas (4239) | 2895 (68) | 0.02–1575 | 32 (8.6–120) | 102 (174) | 3304 (78) | >0.00–368 | 10 (2.5–29) | 23 (35) |
Ever hourly | ||||||||
Yes (15 109) | 11 876 (79) | >0.00–9264 | 65 (16–203) | 216 (556) | 13 406 (89) | >0.00–1618 | 14 (3.6–42) | 43 (104) |
No (5978) | 2128 (36) | >0.00–916 | 7.4 (1.7–23) | 24 (59) | 2016 (34) | >0.00–310 | 2.5 (0.5–8.1) | 7.8 (16) |
Race | ||||||||
White (18 674) | 12 273 (66) | >0.00–5141 | 44 (10–149) | 139 (268) | 13 297 (71) | >0.00–681 | 10 (2.5–32) | 27 (46) |
Black (2413) | 1731 (72) | 0.01–9264 | 105 (18–368) | 526 (1236) | 2125 (88) | 0.01–1618 | 24 (5.5–87) | 105 (225) |
Hire year | ||||||||
1943–1949 (5404) | 3600 (67) | >0.00–9264 | 77 (20–253) | 257 (650) | 3938 (73) | 0.01–1618 | 13 (3.8–48) | 50 (125) |
1950–1959 (5613) | 4005 (71) | >0.00–9063 | 97 (30–266) | 260 (617) | 4279 (76) | 0.02–1462 | 25 (6.4–56) | 55 (117) |
1960–1969 (4333) | 2871 (66) | >0.00–7102 | 42 (11–130) | 134 (334) | 3065 (71) | >0.00–1105 | 13 (3.3–34) | 30 (63) |
≥1970 (5737) | 3528 (62) | >0.00–4516 | 12 (3.0–41) | 75 (287) | 4140 (72) | >0.00–697 | 3.8 (0.9–13) | 16 (51) |
All decedents (9665) | 6914 (72) | >0.00–9264 | 79 (21–245) | 245 (607) | 7481 (77) | >0.00–1618 | 17 (4.4–49) | 50 (119) |
All leukaemia (132) | 103 (78) | 1.92–7741 | 121 (34–364) | 367 (873) | 109 (83) | 1.09–1203 | 27 (8.4–61) | 62 (158) |
Lymphoid leukaemia (52) | 39 (75) | 1.92–7741 | 225 (45–425) | 542 (1303) | 42 (81) | 1.65–1203 | 29 (8.6–69) | 90 (243) |
Myeloid leukaemia (67) | 53 (79) | 5.03–2010 | 70 (26–230) | 238 (425) | 56 (84) | 1.09–341 | 21 (5.4–49) | 39 (57) |
AML†(41) | 32 (78) | 5.03–2010 | 62 (20–188) | 158 (351) | 35 (85) | 1.09–341 | 20 (5.2–36) | 31 (58) |
B-cell malignancy‡ (213) | 148 (69) | >0.00–7741 | 125 (29–373) | 334 (756) | 163 (77) | 0.09–1203 | 21 (4.6–62) | 64 (157) |
NHL† (110) | 76 (69) | >0.00–1496 | 121 (19–335) | 234 (302) | 86 (78) | 0.09–231 | 24 (6.0–60) | 41 (49) |
Multiple myeloma (60) | 40 (67) | >0.00–2398 | 111 (34–395) | 314 (527) | 43 (72) | 0.21–840 | 15 (2.8–78) | 82 (177) |
*Number of exposed employees (% of total number in each group).
† AML, acute myeloid leukemia; NHL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
‡Included lymphoid leukaemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
†AML, acute myeloid leukaemia; NHL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.