Unmatched cohort | χ2
P value | Matched cohort | χ2
P value | |||
Workers with GRTW | Workers without GRTW | Workers with GRTW | Workers without GRTW | |||
n=17 468 (46.8%) | n=19 888 (53.2%) | n=12 494 (50.0%) | n=12 494 (50.0%) | |||
(Column %) | (Column %) | (Column %) | (Column %) | |||
Unmatched variables | ||||||
Injury and sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
Musculoskeletal disorder | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Upper extremity sprains and strains | 18.82 | 16.23 | 18.42 | 16.98 | ||
Lower extremity sprains and strains | 13.30 | 14.66 | 13.34 | 14.70 | ||
Back* sprains and strains | 33.56 | 33.60 | 32.12 | 34.79 | ||
Upper extremity fractures | 9.85 | 10.45 | 10.54 | 9.64 | ||
Lower extremity fractures | 8.32 | 7.91 | 8.80 | 7.18 | ||
Torso† fractures | 3.26 | 4.36 | 3.68 | 3.75 | ||
Dislocation | 2.32 | 2.75 | 2.44 | 2.55 | ||
Dorsopathies | 4.91 | 4.84 | 5.06 | 4.73 | ||
Rheumatism (excluding the back) | 5.66 | 5.19 | 5.59 | 5.67 | ||
Age (in years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
15–24 | 5.82 | 9.77 | 6.34 | 8.80 | ||
25–34 | 16.27 | 18.13 | 17.21 | 17.45 | ||
35–44 | 22.80 | 22.35 | 22.60 | 22.38 | ||
45–54 | 32.76 | 29.88 | 31.88 | 30.73 | ||
55–64 | 22.26 | 19.88 | 21.97 | 20.63 | ||
Occupation | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Trades, transport and equipment operations‡ | 37.79 | 48.44 | 41.70 | 42.88 | ||
Business, finance and administration§ | 4.05 | 2.77 | 3.75 | 3.03 | ||
Natural and applied sciences¶ | 1.76 | 1.86 | 1.80 | 1.78 | ||
Health | 13.56 | 9.35 | 12.15 | 12.05 | ||
Education, law and social services** | 4.17 | 3.30 | 3.87 | 4.78 | ||
Art, culture, recreation and sports†† | 0.88 | 1.39 | 0.86 | 1.39 | ||
Sales, service | 22.70 | 16.92 | 21.35 | 19.85 | ||
Management | 2.68 | 2.03 | 2.50 | 2.04 | ||
Natural resources, agriculture | 3.30 | 7.05 | 3.75 | 4.35 | ||
Manufacturing and utilities‡‡ | 9.11 | 6.59 | 8.28 | 7.87 | ||
Variables used for coarsened exact matching | ||||||
Gender | <0.001 | 1.000 | ||||
Men | 58.82 | 71.33 | 35.32 | 35.32 | ||
Women | 41.18 | 28.67 | 64.68 | 64.68 | ||
Annual wage (CAD$) | <0.001 | 1.000 | ||||
<$20 000 | 7.60 | 11.68 | 7.93 | 7.93 | ||
$20 000–$39 999 | 45.66 | 36.34 | 37.19 | 37.19 | ||
$40 000–$59 999 | 50.96 | 27.11 | 29.75 | 29.75 | ||
>$59 999 | 47.45 | 24.87 | 25.13 | 25.13 | ||
Workplace characteristics | ||||||
Shift type | <0.001 | 1.000 | ||||
Fixed | 49.21 | 41.72 | 48.09 | 48.09 | ||
Rotating | 7.88 | 7.35 | 6.68 | 6.68 | ||
Variable | 42.91 | 50.93 | 45.24 | 45.24 | ||
Industry sector | <0.001 | 1.000 | ||||
Primary resources | 2.95 | 7.41 | 3.41 | 3.41 | ||
Manufacturing | 14.93 | 10.49 | 13.22 | 13.22 | ||
Construction | 13.25 | 20.60 | 17.37 | 17.37 | ||
Transportation and warehousing | 9.58 | 14.72 | 10.18 | 10.18 | ||
Trade | 12.24 | 7.57 | 9.08 | 9.08 | ||
Public sector | 4.53 | 3.16 | 3.12 | 3.12 | ||
Service sector | 42.52 | 36.05 | 43.61 | 43.61 | ||
Firm size (FTE) | <0.001 | 1.000 | ||||
<20 | 28.56 | 45.52 | 36.15 | 36.15 | ||
20–100 | 23.81 | 24.26 | 26.25 | 26.25 | ||
100–500 | 23.81 | 16.08 | 20.11 | 20.11 | ||
500–1000 | 5.93 | 3.85 | 3.94 | 3.94 | ||
>1000 | 17.89 | 10.29 | 13.56 | 13.56 | ||
Claim year | <0.001 | 1.000 | ||||
2010 | 15.15 | 18.48 | 16.37 | 16.37 | ||
2011 | 15.87 | 19.36 | 17.68 | 17.68 | ||
2012 | 17.03 | 17.42 | 18.14 | 18.14 | ||
2013 | 17.09 | 16.55 | 17.05 | 17.05 | ||
2014 | 17.63 | 14.96 | 15.94 | 15.94 | ||
2015 | 17.23 | 13.22 | 14.82 | 14.82 |
*Back, head, neck, spine and torso.
†Torso, back, neck, spine and head.
‡Trades, transport, equipment operators and related occupations.
§Business, finance and administration.
¶Natural and applied sciences, related occupations.
**Social science, education, government, service and religion.
††Recreation, arts, culture and sport.
‡‡Manufacturing, processing and utilities.
CAD$, Canadian dollars; FTE, fulltime equivalent; GRTW, gradual return to work; MSD, musculoskeletal disorder.