Table 2

Psychosocial work characteristics during COVID-19 pandemic versus before

	Working from home					New tasks					Team reorganisation
	Exposed		Non-exposed		Group×time	Exposed		Non-exposed		Group×time	Exposed		Non-exposed		Group×time
	SMD*	95% CI	SMD*	95% CI	Group×time	SMD*	95% CI	SMD*	95% CI	Group×time	SMD*	95% CI	SMD*	95% CI	Group×time
Worktime control 2020 versus 2016–2018
Model 1	0.076	0.065 to 0.087	0.014	0.004 to 0.024	<0.001	−0.011	−0.040 to 0.018	0.044	0.036 to 0.051	<0.001	0.003	−0.032 to 0.037	0.042	0.035 to 0.042	0.041
Model 2	0.078	0.066 to 0.090	0.026	0.015 to 0.037	<0.001	−0.007	−0.039 to 0.024	0.051	0.042 to 0.060	<0.001	0.011	−0.026 to 0.047	0.049	0.040 to 0.057	0.057
Model 3	0.078	0.066 to 0.090	0.025	0.014 to 0.036	<0.001	−0.008	−0.039 to 0.024	0.051	0.042 to 0.059	<0.001	0.010	−0.026 to 0.047	0.048	0.040 to 0.057	0.059
Relational justice 2020 versus 2016–2018
Model 1	0.088	0.071 to 0.105	0.066	0.052 to 0.081	0.069	0.010	−0.033 to 0.053	0.080	0.06 to 0.091	0.008	0.067	0.019 to 0.115	0.076	0.064 to 0.087	0.54
Model 2	0.094	0.076 to 0.111	0.067	0.052 to 0.083	0.054	0.013	−0.033 to 0.059	0.084	0.071 to 0.096	0.013	0.073	0.022 to 0.124	0.079	0.067 to 0.091	0.65
Model 3	0.093	0.076 to 0.110	0.068	0.052 to 0.084	0.069	0.013	−0.033 to 0.059	0.084	0.071 to 0.096	0.013	0.072	0.022 to 0.112	0.079	0.067 to 0.091	0.67
Procedural justice 2020 versus 2016–2018
Model 1	0.113	0.097 to 0.129	0.072	0.058 to 0.086	<0.001	0.025	−0.016 to 0.067	0.094	0.083 to 0.105	<0.001	0.069	0.021 to 0.117	0.090	0.080 to 0.101	0.57
Model 2	0.101	0.084 to 0.118	0.053	0.038 to 0.068	<0.001	0.016	−0.028 to 0.060	0.079	0.067 to 0.090	0.003	0.045	−0.006 to 0.097	0.075	0.064 to 0.087	0.48
Model 3	0.101	0.084 to 0.118	0.053	0.038 to 0.068	<0.001	0.016	−0.028 to 0.060	0.079	0.067 to 0.091	0.004	0.046	−0.005 to 0.097	0.076	0.064 to 0.087	0.50
Workplace social capital 2020 versus 2016–2018
Model 1	0.087	0.072 to 0.103	0.032	0.019 to 0.046	<0.001	0.017	−0.023 to 0.058	0.058	0.048 to 0.068	0.16	0.016	−0.032 to 0.064	0.057	0.048 to 0.068	0.17
Model 2	0.094	0.078 to 0.110	0.033	0.019 to 0.048	<0.001	0.025	−0.020 to 0.068	0.063	0.051 to 0.074	0.25	0.021	−0.030 to 0.072	0.062	0.051 to 0.074	0.21
Model 3	0.094	0.077 to 0.110	0.034	0.019 to 0.048	<0.001	0.025	−0.019 to 0.069	0.063	0.051 to 0.075	0.26	0.020	−0.031 to 0.071	0.063	0.051 to 0.074	0.20
	RR†	95% CI	RR†	95% CI	Group×time	RR†	95% CI	RR†	95% CI	Group×time	RR†	95% CI	RR†	95% CI	Group×time
Job strain 2020 versus 2016–2018
Model 1	1.06	1.01 to 1.10	1.02	1.00 to 1.05	0.27	1.03	0.96 to 1.11	1.03	1.01 to 1.06	0.92	1.05	0.95 to 1.16	1.03	1.01 to 1.05	0.74
Model 2	1.05	1.01 to 1.10	1.05	1.01 to 1.07	0.38	1.04	0.96 to 1.13	1.05	1.02 to 1.07	0.89	1.06	0.96 to 1.18	1.05	1.02 to 1.07	0.65
Model 3	1.06	1.01 to 1.11	1.04	1.01 to 1.07	0.37	1.04	0.96 to 1.13	1.05	1.02 to 1.07	0.89	1.07	0.96 to 1.18	1.05	1.02 to 1.07	0.63

Years 2016 and 2018 are contrasted to 2020.
Model 1 is unadjusted; Model 2 is adjusted for sex, age and SES; and Model 3 is adjusted as Model 2+lifestyle risk factors.
*SMD>0 indicates an increase between 2020 and 2016–2016; SMD<0 indicates a decrease between 2020 and 2016–2018.
†RR>1 indicates increased risk of job strain between 2020 and 2016–2018.
RR, risk ratio; SMD, standardised mean difference.