Baseline conditions and mask and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage among healthcare workers
| Total | De novo headache | P value | ||
| No | Yes | |||
| N= 261 | (n=103) | (n=158) | ||
| Age, years (SD) | 42.9 (10.7) | 40.8 (11.4) | 44.4 (10.1) | 0.009 |
| Female gender | 208 (79.7%) | 73 (31.1%) | 135 (64.9%) | 0.004 |
| Occupation | 0.0001 | |||
| Doctor | 112 (42.9%) | 61(54.5%) | 51 (45.5%) | |
| Nurse | 95 (36.4%) | 33 (34.7%) | 62(65.3%) | |
| Others | 54 (20.7%) | 9(16.7%) | 45(83.3%) | |
| Work shift | <0.0001 | |||
| Mornings and 24-hour duties | 89 (34.1%) | 51 (57.3%) | 38 (42.7%) | |
| Rotating shifts | 91 (34.9%) | 26 (28.6%) | 65 (71.4%) | |
| Others | 81 (31.0%) | 26 (32.1%) | 55 (67.9%) | |
| Type of face mask | 0.029 | |||
| Surgical mask | 208 (79.7%) | 89 (42.8%) | 119 (57.2%) | |
| N95/FFP2 | 53 (20.3%) | 14 (26.4%) | 39 (73.6%) | |
| Number of hours worn per day (SD) | 6.9 (2.3) | 6.8 (2.4) | 7.0 (2.2) | 0.474 |
| Use of another PPE: | 0.203 | |||
| Face shield | 54 (20.7%) | 21 (38.9%) | 33 (61.1%) | |
| Protective eyewear | 33 (12.6%) | 13 (39.4%) | 20 (60.6%) | |
| Complete PPE | 46 (17.6%) | 16 (34.8%) | 30 (65.2%) | |
| Confirmed COVID-19 | 12 (4.6%) | 4 (33.3%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.161 |
| Pre-existing headache | 110 (42.1%) | 45 (40.9%) | 65 (59.1%) | 0.683 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Allergy | 34 (13.0%) | 16 (47.1%) | 18(52.9%) | 0.331 |
| Asthma | 17 (6.5%) | 11 (64.7%) | 6 (35.3%) | 0.028 |
| Tobacco | 41 (15.7%) | 8 (19.5%) | 33 (80.5%) | 0.004 |
| Arterial hypertension | 18 (6.9%) | 9 (50.0%) | 9 (50.0%) | 0.789 |
| Cardiopathy | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (100%) | 0.419 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 14 (5.4%) | 7 (50.0%) | 7 (50.0%) | 0.76 |
| Diabetes | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 0.76 |
| Thyroid disease | 28 (10.7%) | 9 (32.1%) | 19 (67.9%) | 0.402 |
| Anxiety | 26 (10.0%) | 6 (23.1%) | 20 (76.9%) | 0.072 |
| Others | 16 (6.1%) | 4 (25.0%) | 12 (75.0%) | 0.222 |
| Other symptoms | ||||
| Sleep disturbance | 79 (30.3%) | 11 (13.9%) | 68 (86.1%) | 0.0001 |
| Loss of concentration | 73 (28.0%) | 14 (19.2%) | 59 (80.8%) | 0.0001 |
| Irritability | 74 (28.4%) | 18 (24.3%) | 56 (75.7%) | 0.002 |
| Photophobia | 31 (11.9%) | 8 (25.8%) | 23 (74.2%) | 0.097 |
| Sonophobia | 24 (9.2%) | 6 (25.0%) | 18 75.0%) | 0.128 |
| Sickness/vomiting | 24 (9.2%) | 11 (45.8%) | 13 (54.2%) | 0.503 |
FFP2, filtering face pieces; N95, 95% particle filtering capacity.