Work environment | SA episodes ≥1 day | SA episodes ≥6 days | SA episodes ≥21 days | ||||||
HR | CI | P value | HR | CI | P value | HR | CI | P value | |
Physical work environment | |||||||||
Model 1 partly adjusted* | |||||||||
Women n=16 356 | |||||||||
Back bend or twisted | 1.11 | (1.08 to 1.13) | <0.0001 | 1.4 | (1.33 to 1.48) | <0.0001 | 1.31 | (1.19 to 1.45) | <0.0001 |
Lifting or carrying | 1.07 | (1.05 to 1.09) | <0.0001 | 1.31 | (1.24 to 1.39) | <0.0001 | 1.37 | (1.24 to 1.51) | <0.0001 |
Wet hands | 1.08 | (1.06 to 1.10) | <0.0001 | 1.38 | (1.31 to 1.47) | <0.0001 | 1.23 | (1.11 to 1.36) | <0.0001 |
Men n=11 322 | |||||||||
Back bend or twisted | 1.22 | (1.18 to 1.27) | <0.0001 | 1.67 | (1.52 to 1.83) | <0.0001 | 1.73 | (1.45 to 2.07) | <0.0001 |
Lifting or carrying | 1.18 | (1.14 to 1.22) | <0.0001 | 1.67 | (1.52 to 1.83) | <0.0001 | 1.75 | (1.47 to 2.09) | <0.0001 |
Wet hands | 1.22 | (1.17 to 1.27) | <0.0001 | 1.48 | (1.33 to 1.65) | <0.0001 | 1.30 | (1.05 to 1.61) | 0.018 |
Model 2 fully adjusted† | |||||||||
Women n=13 577 | |||||||||
Back bend or twisted | 1.02 | (1.00 to 1.04) | 0.095 | 1.24 | (1.17 to 1.32) | <0.0001 | 1.16 | (1.04 to 1.30) | 0.008 |
Lifting or carrying | 1.03 | (1.01 to 1.06) | 0.008 | 1.24 | (1.16 to 1.33) | <0.0001 | 1.29 | (1.15 to 1.44) | <0.0001 |
Wet hands | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.04) | 0.26 | 1.26 | (1.19 to 1.35) | <0.0001 | 1.08 | (0.96 to 1.21) | 0.189 |
Men n=9342 | |||||||||
Back bend or twisted | 1.06 | (1.02 to 1.11) | 0.002 | 1.36 | (1.22 to 1.52) | <0.0001 | 1.32 | (1.06 to 1.63) | 0.012 |
Lifting or carrying | 1.05 | (1.01 to 1.09) | 0.016 | 1.47 | (1.32 to 1.64) | <0.0001 | 1.60 | (1.30 to 1.96) | <0.0001 |
Wet hands | 1.05 | (1.00 to 1.10) | 0.037 | 1.13 | (0.99 to 1.28) | 0.066 | 1.04 | (0.81 to 1.35) | 0.744 |
Psychosocial work environment | |||||||||
Model 1 partly adjusted* | |||||||||
Women n=16 357 | |||||||||
Poor influence | 1.70 | (1.63 to 1.79) | <0.0001 | 1.96 | (1.72 to 2.23) | <0.0001 | 1.99 | (1.59 to 2.50) | <0.0001 |
Role conflicts | 1.29 | (1.24 to 1.34) | <0.0001 | 1.66 | (1.49 to 1.85) | <0.0001 | 1.96 | (1.63 to 2.36) | <0.0001 |
Bullying‡ | 1.33 | (1.30 to 1.37) | <0.0001 | 1.56 | (1.46 to 1.66) | <0.0001 | – | ||
Men n=11 322 | |||||||||
Poor influence | 2.12 | (1.98 to 2.26) | <0.0001 | 2.47 | (2.03 to 3.01) | <0.0001 | 1.63 | (1.10 to 2.42) | 0.015 |
Role conflicts | 1.16 | (1.10 to 1.23) | <0.0001 | 1.30 | (1.10 to 1.53) | 0.002 | 1.14 | (0.83 to 1.57) | 0.417 |
Bullying‡ | 1.36 | (1.30 to 1.41) | <0.0001 | 1.63 | (1.46 to 1.82) | <0.0001 | – | ||
Model 2 fully adjusted† | |||||||||
Women n=13 577 | |||||||||
Poor influence | 1.48 | (1.41 to 1.57) | <0.0001 | 1.41 | (1.21 to 1.63) | <0.0001 | 1.49 | (1.15 to 1.92) | 0.002 |
Role conflicts | 1.17 | (1.12 to 1.22) | <0.0001 | 1.38 | (1.22 to 1.55) | <0.0001 | 1.67 | (1.35 to 2.05) | <0.0001 |
Bullying‡ | 1.18 | (1.15 to 1.22) | <0.0001 | 1.31 | (1.21 to 1.42) | <0.0001 | – | ||
Men n=9342 | |||||||||
Poor influence | 1.72 | (1.59 to 1.85) | <0.0001 | 1.92 | (1.53 to 2.42) | <0.0001 | 1.32 | (0.84 to 2.08) | 0.229 |
Role conflicts | 1.09 | (1.03 to 1.16) | 0.005 | 1.27 | (1.05 to 1.53) | 0.013 | 1.32 | (0.92 to 1.89) | 0.138 |
Bullying‡ | 1.17 | (1.11 to 1.22) | <0.0001 | 1.29 | (1.13 to 1.47) | <0.001 | – |
*Adjusted for age, education, private/public sector, and survey round.
†Adjusted as previous model plus additionally adjusted for depression, eczema, back disease, other chronic illness, SA in 2 months up to baseline, smoking, exercise, plus physical work environment factors are adjusted for psychosocial work environment, and psychosocial work environment factors are adjusted for physical work environment.
‡‘Bullying’ did not fulfil the proportional hazard assumption in analyses with SA episodes ≥21 days and is therefore not shown.