Adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for the association between stress at work (measured through the job control score) and infections requiring healthcare contact (either inpatient or outpatient care) among employed individuals in the Swedish National March Cohort
| Tertiles of job control score | P trend | |||
| First tertile | Second tertile | Third tertile | ||
| Any infection | ||||
| Number of individuals* | 10 004 | 8544 | 6481 | |
| Number of infections* | 3324 | 2740 | 2193 | |
| Person-years* | 138 710 | 116 403 | 90 752 | |
| Andersen–Gill model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.07) | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.10) | 0.802 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.08) | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.12) | 0.685 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.09) | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.13) | 0.755 |
| Upper respiratory tract infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 760 | 588 | 494 | |
| Person-years* | 138 940 | 116 566 | 90 851 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.07) | 1.01 (0.88 to 1.15) | 0.966 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.07) | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.16) | 0.900 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.05) | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.15) | 0.728 |
| Lower respiratory tract infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 321 | 246 | 212 | |
| Person-years* | 139 022 | 116 601 | 90 892 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 0.92 (0.77 to 1.10) | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.16) | 0.619 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.14) | 1.00 (0.81 to 1.23) | 0.918 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.98 (0.80 to 1.20) | 1.05 (0.84 to 1.31) | 0.749 |
| Gastrointestinal tract infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 377 | 320 | 273 | |
| Person-years* | 138 741 | 116 305 | 90 654 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.22) | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.32) | 0.152 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.22) | 1.13 (0.95 to 1.34) | 0.200 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.24) | 1.10 (0.92 to 1.33) | 0.300 |
| Skin infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 462 | 379 | 309 | |
| Person-years* | 138 961 | 116 510 | 90 845 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 0.97 (0.83 to 1.13) | 0.97 (0.83 to 1.14) | 0.689 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.97 (0.83 to 1.13) | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.16) | 0.783 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.12) | 0.98 (0.82 to 1.17) | 0.733 |
| Urinary tract infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 347 | 329 | 217 | |
| Person-years* | 138 964 | 116 522 | 90 895 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 1.14 (0.98 to 1.34) | 0.98 (0.82 to 1.16) | 0.873 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.14 (0.97 to 1.35) | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.17) | 0.918 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.16 (0.97 to 1.39) | 0.95 (0.77 to 1.17) | 0.938 |
| Other infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 1007 | 813 | 649 | |
| Person-years* | 138 763 | 116 415 | 90 747 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.09) | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.10) | 0.840 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.08) | 0.500 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.07) | 0.96 (0.85 to 1.09) | 0.487 |
Analyses are conducted using survival models for recurrent events.
*Numbers refer to observations included in the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted models.
†Adjusted by age and sex. N=25 029.
‡Adjusted by age, sex, education, physical activity, shift work, Charlson’s index and income. N=24 379.
§Adjusted by age, sex, education, physical activity, shift work, Charlson’s index, income, smoking status, body mass index, alcohol and sleep duration. N=21 647.