Adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for the association between stress at work (measured through the job demand score) and infections requiring healthcare contact (either inpatient or outpatient care) among employed individuals in the Swedish National March Cohort
| Tertiles of job demand score | P trend | |||
| First tertile | Second tertile | Third tertile | ||
| Any infection | ||||
| Number of individuals* | 9068 | 7706 | 8255 | |
| Number of infections* | 2767 | 2676 | 2814 | |
| Person-years* | 123 961 | 108 286 | 113 619 | |
| Andersen–Gill model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.22) | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.22) | 0.010 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (1.01 to 1.20) | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.22) | 0.012 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (1.00 to 1.20) | 1.13 (1.03 to 1.24) | 0.009 |
| Upper respiratory tract infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 601 | 572 | 669 | |
| Person-years* | 124 081 | 108 500 | 113 776 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (0.97 to 1.26) | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.33) | 0.017 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (0.96 to 1.26) | 1.18 (1.03 to 1.35) | 0.015 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.20) | 1.15 (1.00 to 1.33) | 0.044 |
| Lower respiratory tract infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 283 | 237 | 259 | |
| Person-years* | 124 124 | 108 521 | 113 868 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.17) | 1.00 (0.83 to 1.20) | 0.978 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 0.98 (0.81 to 1.17) | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.25) | 0.684 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.21) | 1.05 (0.87 to 1.28) | 0.584 |
| Gastrointestinal tract infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 335 | 304 | 331 | |
| Person-years* | 123 810 | 108 222 | 113 667 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.23) | 1.06 (0.91 to 1.24) | 0.465 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.23) | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.22) | 0.581 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.02 (0.86 to 1.21) | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.25) | 0.456 |
| Skin infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 387 | 373 | 390 | |
| Person-years* | 124 074 | 108 472 | 113 770 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 1.11 (0.95 to 1.29) | 1.10 (0.95 to 1.28) | 0.228 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25) | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.28) | 0.262 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.25) | 1.09 (0.93 to 1.29) | 0.297 |
| Urinary tract infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 276 | 279 | 338 | |
| Person-years* | 124 079 | 108 508 | 113 795 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.34) | 1.31 (1.11 to 1.55) | 0.001 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.14 (0.96 to 1.36) | 1.33 (1.12 to 1.58) | 0.001 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.13 (0.94 to 1.36) | 1.31 (1.09 to 1.57) | 0.004 |
| Other infections | ||||
| Number of infections* | 857 | 850 | 762 | |
| Person-years* | 123 981 | 108 287 | 113 657 | |
| Prentice, Williams and Peterson model | ||||
| HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (reference) | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.25) | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.13) | 0.861 |
| HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (0.99 to 1.22) | 1.00 (0.90 to 1.12) | 0.901 |
| HR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 (reference) | 1.12 (1.00 to 1.25) | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) | 0.994 |
Analyses are conducted using survival models for recurrent events.
*Numbers refer to observations included in the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted models.
†Adjusted by age and sex. N=25 029.
‡Adjusted by age, sex, education, physical activity, shift work, Charlson’s index and income. N=24 379.
§Adjusted by age, sex, education, physical activity, shift work, Charlson’s index, income, smoking status, body mass index, alcohol and sleep duration. N=21 647.