Variable | Classification |
Unemployment rate >10% | No (n=6875 in 34 occupational groups) Yes (n=1735 in 11 occupational groups) |
Full sick pay in first 3 months of absence | No (n=3003 in 21 occupational groups) Yes (n=5607 in 24 occupational groups) |
Lack of social security support for long-term unemployment | No (n=5496 in 26 occupational groups) Yes (n=3114 in 19 occupational groups) |
Support for ill-health retirement | No (n=4110 in19 occupational groups) Yes (n=4500 in 26 occupational groups) |
Payment for primary care | No (n=5803 in 27 occupational groups) Yes (n=2807 in 18 occupational groups) |
Compensation for back/arm pain | No (n=1635 in 9 occupational groups) Yes (n=6975 in 36 occupational groups) |
Group prevalence of adverse health beliefs about low back pain* | |
Work-relatedness | Continuous (n=8610) |
Physical activity | Continuous (n=8610) |
Prognosis | Continuous (n=8610) |
Group prevalence of adverse health beliefs about arm/shoulder/hand pain† | |
Work-relatedness | Continuous (n=8610) |
Physical activity | Continuous (n=8610) |
Prognosis | Continuous (n=8610) |
Group prevalence of absence for >5 days in total during year before baseline for non-musculoskeletal problems | Continuous (n=8610) |
Group mean pain propensity index‡ | Continuous (n=8610) |
*Analyses of sickness absence for low back pain.
†Analyses of sickness absence for neck pain, shoulder pain and wrist/hand pain.
‡For each outcome, pain propensity index was defined according to the number of anatomical sites, excluding the outcome site, that had been painful in the year before baseline (see text).