Table 3

Association between solvent exposure and global cognitive score (n=41 854)

Ref. not exposedModel 1*Model 2†
Coef.95% CIP valueCoef.95% CIP value
M en (n=20 234)
Types of solvent
 Gasoline for hand washing 0.26 −0.33 to − 0.18 < 0.0001 0.20†* −0.28 to − 0.12 < 0.0001
 Trichloroethylene 0.16 −0.23 to − 0.10 0.0001 0.10 −0.17 to − 0.04 0.003
 White spirit 0.28 −0.34 to − 0.19 < 0.0001 0.21 −0.29 to − 0.14 < 0.0001
 Cellulosic thinner 0.36 −0.46 to 0.26 < 0.0001 0.30 −0.40 to 0.20 < 0.0001
No. of type of solvents
 Not exposedRef.Ref.
 Exposed to one type only 0.21 −0.29 to − 0.14 < 0.0001 0.17 −0.25 to − 0.09 < 0.0001
 Exposed to two different types 0.26 −0.36 to − 0.15 < 0.0001 0.21 −0.31 to − 0.10 0.0002
 Exposed to 3different types 0.27 −0.41 to − 0.14 < 0.0001 0.21 −0.35 to − 0.08 0.002
 Exposed to four different types 0.41 −0.58 to − 0.25 < 0.0001 0.35 −0.51 to − 0.19 < 0.0001
P trend < 0.0001 < 0.0001
Cumulative exposure time
 Not exposedRef.Ref.
 1–10 years 0.13 −0.22 to − 0.04 0.003 −0.08−0.17 to 0.010.08
 10–20 years 0.13 −0.23 to − 0.02 0.02 −0.07−0.17 to 0.040.20
 >20 years 0.38 −0.47 to − 0.30 < 0.0001 0.32 −0.41 to − 0.23 < 0.0001
P trend < 0.0001 < 0.0001
Delay since last exposure
 Not exposedRef.Ref.
 >5 years 0.21 −0.27 to − 0.14 < 0.0001 0.15 −0.22 to − 0.09 < 0.0001
 <5 years or currently 0.38 −0.48 to − 0.28 < 0.0001 0.33 −0.43 to − 0.23 < 0.0001
W o men (n=21 620)
Types of solvent
 Gasoline for hand washing−0.21−0.43 to 0.010.06−0.15−0.37 to 0.070.19
 Trichloroethylene−0.02−0.18 to 0.140.820.03−0.14 to 0.190.73
 White spirit 0.23 −0.42 to − 0.04 0.02 0.22 −0.40 to − 0.03 0.02
 Cellulosic thinner0.04−0.25 to 0.330.770.11−0.18 to 0.400.71
No. of type of solvents
 Not exposedRef.Ref.
 Exposed to one type only0.23 −0.38 to − 0.08 0.003 0.18 −0.34 to − 0.03 0.02
 Exposed to two or more different types0.04−0.20 to 0.270.770.06−0.17 to 0.300.59
P trend 0.100.28
Cumulative exposure time
 Not exposedRef.Ref.
 1–10 years−0.11−0.31 to 0.08)0.25−0.07−0.27 to 0.120.45
 >10 years0.05−0.21 to 0.320.700.09−0.17 to 0.360.48
 >20 years 0.38 −0.63 to − 0.13 0.003 0.31 −0.57 to − 0.06 0.01
P trend 0.009 0.05
Delay since last exposure
 Not exposedRef.Ref.
 >5 years−0.12−0.29 to 0.050.18−0.07−0.24 to 0.100.40
 <5 years or currently 0.21 −0.41 to − 0.01 0.04 −0.17−0.37 to 0.030.10
  • *Model 1 adjusted for age, education level, marital status, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, CESD and FDep09.

  • †Model 2 adjusted for M1 and night-shift work, repetitive work nd noisy work.

  • ‡The median (IQR) of global cognitive score, from PCA, is 0.08 (−1.02 to 1.15). This is an example of coefficient interpretation for “Coef.=−0.20” for gasoline exposure in model 2, among men: when taking into account all covariates included in model 2, a man, 45–50 years old, has an average global cognitive score of 0.82 compared with 0.62 if exposed. Another example among women, for “Coef=−0.22” interpretation, for white spirit exposure in model 2: a woman, 45–50 years old, has an average global cognitive score of 0.72 compared with 0.50 if exposed.

  • BMI, body mass index; CESD, Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression; coef, coefficient; PCA, principal component analysis ; ref, reference.