Table 2

Deaths, YLLs, YLDs, DALYs and PAFs from COPD due to occupational exposure to PMGF and SHS, by region, 2016 (number, percent, rate, proportion)*

Region	Deaths	Deaths	YLLs	YLDs	DALYs	DALYs	Deaths	YLLs	YLDs	DALYs	YLL	YLD	PAF	PAF
Region	number	%	number	number	number	%	rate†	rate†	rate†	rate†	%‡	%‡	(deaths)§	(DALYs)¶
High-income North America	16 669	3.6	287 084	154 716	441 800	4.1	9.8	173	95	267	65.0	35.0	9.4	11.9
Australasia	1047	0.2	15 975	4922	20 897	0.2	7.7	122	39	161	76.4	23.6	10.0	13.1
High-income Asia Pacific	5150	1.1	61 981	70 847	132 828	1.2	4.8	61	76	136	46.7	53.3	12.0	15.5
Western Europe	18 258	4.0	250 656	73 485	324 141	3.0	7.8	113	35	148	77.3	22.7	9.1	11.6
Southern Latin America	2844	0.6	44 526	4967	49 493	0.5	10.8	174	20	194	90.0	10.0	12.2	14.3
Eastern Europe	6391	1.4	119 566	21 018	140 584	1.3	6.3	119	21	140	85.0	15.0	12.7	13.6
Central Europe	4622	1.0	78 183	20 299	98 482	0.9	7.9	136	36	172	79.4	20.6	12.2	13.9
Central Asia	2584	0.6	51 612	8277	59 889	0.6	10.1	190	29	219	86.2	13.8	16.4	16.8
Central Latin America	7042	1.5	107 850	25 554	133 404	1.2	9.3	139	31	171	80.8	19.2	13.6	15.1
Andean Latin America	1241	0.3	17 903	4217	22 120	0.2	7.1	99	23	122	80.9	19.1	15.3	16.1
Caribbean	1191	0.3	20 636	3576	24 213	0.2	7.2	126	22	147	85.2	14.8	13.2	14.2
Tropical Latin America	9936	2.2	179 699	25 150	204 849	1.9	13.7	239	32	271	87.7	12.3	15.1	17.3
East Asia	171 300	37.2	2 634 163	592 605	3 226 768	30.2	31.5	461	99	560	81.6	18.4	18.8	20.5
Southeast Asia	28 029	6.1	508 878	350 306	859 183	8.0	15.0	252	164	415	59.2	40.8	18.3	18.7
Oceania	886	0.2	21 518	3182	24 700	0.2	35.9	767	107	874	87.1	12.9	13.9	13.1
North Africa and Middle East	9834	2.1	193 777	69 764	263 541	2.5	6.9	125	42	167	73.5	26.5	12.4	12.8
South Asia	157 117	34.1	3 049 410	1 176 092	4 225 502	39.5	34.8	626	227	853	72.2	27.8	15.9	16.5
Southern sub-Saharan Africa	2117	0.5	39 719	15 450	55 169	0.5	11.2	197	72	269	72.0	28.0	12.7	12.3
Western sub-Saharan Africa	4775	1.0	105 149	39 099	144 248	1.3	7.9	144	49	192	72.9	27.1	16.2	15.6
Eastern sub-Saharan Africa	7716	1.7	154 524	46 238	200 761	1.9	12.3	217	60	277	77.0	23.0	19.4	18.3
Central sub-Saharan Africa	1333	0.3	27 051	8328	35 379	0.3	7.3	130	36	166	76.5	23.5	9.8	9.5
High SDI	41 455	9.0	630 080	319 949	950 029	8.9	7.7	122	65	187	66.3	33.7	9.8	12.4
High-middle SDI	55 985	12.2	855 050	280 400	1 135 450	10.6	12.6	191	63	253	75.3	24.7	15.7	17.4
Middle SDI	185 785	40.4	3 067 814	1 016 253	4 084 066	38.2	24.0	377	110	486	75.1	24.9	17.9	19.3
Low-middle SDI	156 339	34.0	2 995 849	971 878	3 967 727	37.1	29.5	522	169	691	75.5	24.5	15.9	16.2
Low SDI	20 517	4.5	421 068	129 612	550 681	5.2	16.2	291	83	374	76.5	23.5	15.2	14.9
Global	460 080	100.0	7 969 861	2 718 092	10 687 953	100.0	18.1	309	103	412	74.6	25.4	15.7	16.8

*YLL=years of life lost; YLD=years of life lived with disability; DALYs=disability-adjusted life years; PAF=population attributable fraction; COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PMGF=particulate matter, gases and fumes; SHS=secondhand smoke.
†Per 100 000 persons.
‡Percentage of DALYs.
§Percentage of all COPD deaths due to occupational exposures.
¶Percentage of all COPD DALYs due to occupational exposures.
SDI, socio-demographic index.