Table 1

Descriptive statistics of the matched cohort and unmatched cohort of healthcare workers for the investigation of the effect of workplace violence on return to work

Matched cohort (n=5762)Unmatched cohort (n=21 178)
Non-violence claims n=2881
(50.0%), (%)		Violence claims n=2881
(50.0%), (%)		p valueNon-violence claims n=18 021
(85.1%), (%)		Violence claims
n=3157 (14.9%), (%)		p value
Sex1.00<0.00

  •  Men

316 (11.0)316 (11.0)1600 (8.9)427 (13.5)

  •  Women

2 565 (89.0)2 565 (89.0)16 421 (91.1)2 730 (86.5)
Age in years1.00<0.00

  •  15–24

114 (4.0)114 (4.0)566 (3.1)153 (4.8)

  •  25–34

579 (20.1)579 (20.1)3399 (18.9)650 (20.6)

  •  35–44

772 (26.8)772 (26.8)4500 (25.0)832 (26.3)

  •  45–54

949 (32.9)949 (32.9)5936 (32.9)1019 (32.3)

  •  55–64

467 (16.2%)467 (16.2%)3620 (20.1%)503 (15.9%)
Injury types1.00<0.00

  •  Serious traumatic injuries

130 (4.5)130 (4.5)853 (4.7)155 (4.9)

  •  Spine and back sprains and strains

584 (20.3)584 (20.3)6165 (34.2)592 (18.7)

  •  Torso sprains and strains

348 (12.1)348 (12.1)4608 (25.6)352 (11.1)

  •  Upper extremities sprains and strains

959 (33.3)959 (33.3)4558 (25.3)974 (30.8)

  •  Non-traumatic non-sprain injuries

756 (26.2)756 (26.2)1710 (9.5)854 (27.0)

  •  Psychological injuries

104 (3.6)104 (3.6)127 (0.7)230 (7.3)
Occupation1.00<0.00

  •  Counsellor/social workers/therapists

642 (22.3)642 (22.3)2310 (12.8)773 (24.5)

  •  Nursing aides/assistants

1 405 (48.8)1 405 (48.8)9 834 (54.6)1 479 (46.8)

  •  Nurses

834 (28.9)834 (28.9)5 877 (32.6)905 (28.7)
Care setting1.00<0.00

  •  Acute care

813 (28.2)813 (28.2)5 798 (32.2)872 (27.6)

  •  Community health support services

87 (3.0)87 (3.0)2 107 (11.7)106 (3.4)

  •  Counselling or social services

161 (5.6)161 (5.6)683 (3.8)187 (5.9)

  •  Life and job skills training

48 (1.7)48 (1.7)195 (1.1)58 (1.8)

  •  Long-term care

1 354 (47.0)1 354 (47.0)7 773 (43.1)1 404 (44.4)

  •  Residential social service facility

308 (10.7)308 (10.7)705 (3.9)369 (11.7)

  •  Retirement or seniors’ home (accommodation only)

11 (0.4)11 (0.4)182 (1.0)14 (0.4)

  •  Short-term care

85 (2.9)85 (2.9)401 (2.2)121 (3.8)

  •  Other care setting

14 (0.5)14 (0.5)177 (1.0)26 (0.8)
Firm size0.075<0.00

  •  <100 person-years

654 (22.7)640 (22.2)3 312 (18.4)728 (23.1)

  •  100–999.9 person-years

941 (32.7)1 024 (35.5)5 331 (29.6)1 121 (35.5)

  •  1000–9999.9 person-years

790 (27.4)720 (25.0)5 866 (32.6)778 (24.6)

  •  ≥10 000 person-years

496 (17.2)497 (17.2)3 512 (19.5)530 (16.8)
Shift type0.110.01

  •  Fixed

467 (16.2)412 (14.3)2496 (13.8)489 (15.5)

  •  Rotating

649 (22.5)681 (23.6)3931 (21.8)726 (23.0)

  •  Variable

1 765 (61.3)1 788 (62.1)11 594 (64.3)1 942 (61.5)
Wage per annum0.140.96

  •  <$C20 000

115 (4.0)96 (3.3)641 (3.6)113 (3.6)

  •  $C20 000–$C39 999

1 061 (36.8)1 016 (35.3)6 441 (35.7)1 127 (35.7)

  •  $C40 000–$C59 999

1 140 (39.6)1 146 (39.8)6 945 (38.5)1 230 (40.0)

  •  >$C59 999

565 (19.6)623 (21.6)3 994 (22.2)687 (21.8)
Unmatched covariates
Previous violence claims<0.00<0.00

  •  Previous violence claim exists within last 5 years

226 (7.8)540 (18.7)1 294 (7.2)586 (18.6)

  •  No previous violence claim within last 5 years

2 655 (92.2)2 341 (81.3)16 727 (92.8)2 571 (81.4)
Employer<0.00<0.00

  •  Health authority 1

350 (12.1)442 (15.3)2 760 (15.3)482 (15.3)

  •  Health authority 2

326 (11.3)255 (8.8)2 151 (11.9)267 (8.5)

  •  Health authority 3

271 (9.4)210 (7.3)2 047 (11.4)239 (7.6)

  •  Health authority 4

290 (10.1)271 (9.4)1 980 (11.0)286 (9.1)

  •  Health authority 5

81 (2.8)65 (2.3)583 (3.2)71 (2.2)

  •  Health authority 6

14 (0.5)53 (1.8)48 (0.3)63 (2.0)

  •  Long-term care

860 (29.8)898 (31.2)5 027 (27.9)919 (29.1)

  •  Social services

510 (17.7)497 (17.2)2 278 (12.6)583 (18.5)

  •  Other

179 (6.2)190 (6.6)1 147 (6.4)247 (7.8)