Estimated risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in the offspring following parental occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) in a pooled analysis of Childhood Leukaemia International Consortium (CLIC) studies
| ELF-MF exposure, µT | ALL | ALL T-lineage | ALL B-lineage | AML | ||||||||
| Cases/controls | OR* | 95% CI | Cases/controls | OR* | 95% CI | Cases/controls | OR* | 95% CI | Cases/controls | OR* | 95% CI | |
| Paternal ELF-MF exposure at conception† | ||||||||||||
| ≤0.2 | 6862/13 379 | 1.00 | 632/10 946 | 1.00 | 4635/10 946 | 1.00 | 723/9572 | 1.00 | ||||
| >0.2 | 980/1922 | 1.04 | 0.95 to 1.13 | 90/1717 | 0.89 | 0.70 to 1.12 | 776/1717 | 1.09 | 0.99 to 1.19 | 132/1709 | 1.06 | 0.87 to 1.29 |
| ≤0.1 | 2403/4990 | 1.00 | 185/3416 | 1.00 | 1497/3416 | 1.00 | 313/3290 | 1.00 | ||||
| >0.1–≤0.2 | 4459/8389 | 0.96 | 0.90 to 1.02 | 447/7530 | 1.04 | 0.87 to 1.24 | 3138/7530 | 0.93 | 0.86 to 1.00 | 410/6282 | 0.81 | 0.69 to 0.96 |
| >0.2–≤1 | 936/1792 | 1.03 | 0.93 to 1.13 | 88/1601 | 0.94 | 0.72 to 1.23 | 738/1601 | 1.04 | 0.93 to 1.16 | 122/1593 | 0.92 | 0.73 to 1.15 |
| >1 | 44/130 | 0.79 | 0.55 to 1.11 | 2/116 | 0.36 | 0.06 to 1.17 | 38/116 | 0.91 | 0.62 to 1.31 | 10/116 | 1.21 | 0.58 to 2.24 |
| Maternal ELF-MF exposure during pregnancy†‡ | ||||||||||||
| ≤0.2 | 7393/14 966 | 1.00 | 689/12 490 | 1.00 | 5128/12 490 | 1.00 | 857/11 296 | 1.00 | ||||
| >0.2 | 471/918 | 1.00 | 0.89 to 1.12 | 43/756 | 0.95 | 0.68 to 1.30 | 329/756 | 0.98 | 0.85 to 1.12 | 45/709 | 0.85 | 0.61 to 1.16 |
| ≤0.1 | 4313/9143 | 1.00 | 382/7239 | 1.00 | 2939/7239 | 1.00 | 564/6970 | 1.00 | ||||
| >0.1–≤0.2 | 3080/5823 | 0.98 | 0.92 to 1.04 | 307/5251 | 1.07 | 0.90 to 1.26 | 2189/5251 | 0.95 | 0.89 to 1.02 | 293/4326 | 0.89 | 0.76 to 1.04 |
| >0.2 | 471/918 | 0.99 | 0.88 to 1.11 | 43/756 | 0.98 | 0.70 to 1.35 | 329/756 | 0.96 | 0.83 to 1.10 | 45/709 | 0.82 | 0.58 to 1.11 |
*Adjusted for child’s age and sex, highest level education of either parent, case accrual time, study.
†Median of ELF-MF was used for persons with multiple exposure assignment due to ‘one-to-many’ job title conversion.
‡Due to small number of exposed cases in the category of >1 µT, it was collapsed with category of >0.2-≤1 µT.
µT, microtesla.