Table 4

Job-related effects in users

LY prevalence (in users) (valid % are used)	Job-related effects (total)*			Irregular job performances		Late at work		Conflicts with colleagues		Absenteeism		Injuries at work		Sanctions (employer)		Traffic incidents to or from work
	ALC (n=4197)	ILL DR (n=403)	PSY (n=820)	ALC	ILL DR	ALC	ILL DR	ALC	ILL DR	ALC	ILL DR	ALC	ILL DR	ALC	ILL DR	ALC	ILL DR
	12.2	15.2	17.6	5.1	7.9	4.7	7.2	3.0	3.7	2.6	3.7	1.4	1.3	0.9	1.6	0.6	1.1
Language	<0.001	ns	ns	0.002	ns	0.019	ns	0.019	ns	<0.001	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Χ²
Dutch*speaking	11.5	14.1	18.0	5.0	7.8	4.4	6.8	2.7	3.7	2.2	3.3	1.4	1.4	0.9	1.7	0.7	1.0
French*speaking	16.3	19.2	15.9	5.7	8.2	6.3	8.4	4.6	3.5	4.8	4.8	1.2	1.2	0.8	1.2	0.3	1.2
Gender	<0.001	ns	0.035	<0.001	ns	<0.001	ns	<0.001	ns	0.014	ns	0.007	ns	ns	ns	0.015	ns
Χ²
Male	17.6	15.6	21.2	7.9	8.2	7.2	7.1	4.3	3.3	3.3	2.9	2.0	1.1	1.0	1.9	0.9	0.7
Female	7.5	12.9	15.2	2.8	6.7	2.5	5.8	1.9	3.8	1.8	4.7	0.8	0.9	0.7	*	0.3	1.0
Age	<0.001	ns		<0.001	ns	<0.001	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Χ²
≤35 years	17.2	15.1	20.4	7.8	7.8	7.4	6.4	3.7	3.2	3.3	3.2	1.6	1.1	0.9	1.4	0.6	0.4
>35 years	9.0	13.1	15.7	3.4	7.6	2.9	6.8	2.6	4.4	2.1	4.3	1.2	1.1	0.8	1.1	0.5	2.2
Educational level	0.016	0.046	ns	ns	ns	<0.001	0.003	<0.001	ns	<0.001	ns	<0.001	ns	ns	ns	<0.001	ns
Χ²
Primary/secondary (lower education)	14.6	18.4	17.4	4.7	7.9	6.5	11.7	4.4	4.6	4.0	4.5	2.5	0.7	1.0	1.3	1.2	0.7
College/university (higher education)	9.4	10.0	16.4	5.7	7.7	2.9	1.9	1.5	1.3	1.5	2.5	0.4	0.6	0.4	*	0.1	0.6
Family context	<0.001	ns	ns	<0.001	0.017	<0.001	ns	0.011	ns	0.021	ns	ns	ns	<0.001	ns	ns	ns
Χ²
Living alone	22.5	14.9	19.8	11.2	9.0	8.9	7.7	5.2	5.6	4.7	4.3	1.6	1.1	2.5	1.1	0.7	1.1
Living with others	11.0	14.8	16.6	4.4	7.4	4.2	6.4	2.7	2.8	2.3	3.2	1.3	1.1	0.6	1.4	0.6	0.7
Employment sector	<0.001		ns	0.009		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		0.025		0.017
Χ²
Construction	23.5	26.8	21.7	9.3		9.9		7.2		6.9		5.5		2.8		1.7
Services	12.4	5.1	21.1	5.7		5.4		2.7		3.1		0.6		0.8		0.6
Healthcare	7.5	17.0	15.4	2.8		2.6		2.2		1.7		0.8		0.4		0.4
Distributive trade	9.8	4.5	17.1	5.2		4.3		2.6		2.6		0.9		0.4		0.4
Accommodation and food service	17.8	22.2	26.9	6.1		8.7		5.3		5.3		1.8		1.8		0.9
Manufacturing	13.9	20.5	13.7	6.1		4.6		3.9		1.8		0.7		1.4		0.0
Education	7.6	12.5	14.3	2.8		2.8		1.5		1.3		1.0		0.8		0.0
Government	11.6	15.4	19.3	7.4		3.6		2.1		2.1		0.2		0.4		0.0
Transport and storage	13.8	0.0	14.8	5.1		9.0		4.5		1.7		2.3		1.1		1.7
Other	20.2	14.5	17.9	5.9		5.0		2.7		2.7		1.8		0.7		0.9

χ², Pearson’s χ² test.
ALC, alcohol; ILL DR, illicit drugs (no specification of job-related effects for employment sector (n=too small); LY, last year (past 12 months) prevalence (valid % are used); PSY, psychoactive medication (hypnotics, tranquillisers and antidepressants).