Participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes, study (PICOS) designs
| PICOS | Details |
| Participants | At least 18 years old. Adults presenting cardiometabolic disorders and healthy adults. |
| Interventions | Intervention with conventional seats, seated active workstations (eg, cycling desk and elliptical pedal desk) and upright active workstations (eg, standing desk, treadmill desk). Interventions were performed in a laboratory or free-living environment. |
| Comparative factors | Different types of workstations (ie, standing, treadmill, recumbent pedal, elliptical pedal and cycling). |
| Outcomes | Biomechanical: measurement of muscle activation, posture and joint angles, as well as kinematics. Physiological: heart rate, oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, blood pressure, perceived exertion and pressure pain thresholds. Work performance: quantitative and qualitative measurements of typing, mouse pointing, multitasking, perception of task, attention to task, speech assessment and memory tasks. Psychobiological: quantitative and qualitative measurement of arousal, stress, boredom, task satisfaction, and quantitative measurement of salivary cortisol and encephalography. |
| Study designs | Pilot study, randomised cross-over full-factorial study, randomised repeated measures design, within participant experimental design, experimental mixed-model study. |