Cancer mortality by job and exposure duration, International Agency for Research on Cancer cohort of reinforced plastics workers exposed to styrene, 1945–1991
| Cancer (number of deaths) | Unexposed jobs* | Exposed jobs | Laminators | Exposed <2years | Exposed 2<5 years | Exposed≥5 years | P-trend† | ||||||||||
| N | RR | N | RR‡ | 95% CI‡ | N | RR | 95% CI | N | RR | N | RR | 95% CI | N | RR | 95% CI | ||
| NHL (29)§ | 5 | 1.00 | 22 | 1.01 | 0.37 to 2.74 | 6 | 0.98 | 0.40 to 2.42 | 17 | 1.00 | 5 | 1.40 | 0.51 to 3.79 | 5 | 0.92 | 0.34 to 2.54 | 0.78 |
| Multiple myeloma (8) | 2 | 1.00 | 8 | 1.05 | 0.20 to 5.37 | 0 | 0 | – | 7 | 1.00 | 3¶ | 0.77 | 0.20 to 3.00 | 1 | – | – | 0.23 |
| Myeloid leukaema (15)** | 2 | 1.00 | 12 | 0.57 | 0.09 to 3.49 | 1 | 0.19 | 0.01 to 3.49 | 10 | 1.00 | 4¶ | 0.53 | 0.14 to 1.94 | 3 | – | – | 0.53 |
| Lung (231) | 48 | 1.00 | 159 | 0.85 | 0.57 to 1.19 | 49 | 0.88 | 0.62 to 1.25 | 144 | 1.00 | 26 | 0.94 | 0.62 to 1.42 | 42 | 1.14 | 0.80 to 1.62 | 0.43 |
| Oesophagus (16) | 1 | 1.00 | 15 | 3.50 | 0.46 to 26.82 | 7 | 2.71 | 1.00 to 7.37 | 8 | 1.00 | 6¶ | 1.80 | 0.62 to 5.22 | 4 | – | – | 0.20 |
| Pancreas (35) | 7 | 1.00 | 27 | 1.06 | 0.46 to 2.46 | 8 | 1.18 | 0.53 to 2.61 | 19 | 1.00 | 8 | 2.12 | 0.93 to 4.38 | 7 | 1.33 | 0.56 to 3.19 | 0.65 |
| Bladder (25) | 3 | 1.00 | 21 | 0.92 | 0.22 to 3.80 | 3 | 0.88 | 0.22 to 3.50 | 18 | 1.00 | 3 | 0.72 | 0.21 to 2.46 | 3 | 0.54 | 0.15 to 1.94 | 0.57 |
| Kidney (13) | 2 | 1.00 | 9 | 0.83 | 0.18 to 3.99 | 3 | 0.88 | 0.21 to 3.71 | 7 | 1.00 | 4¶ | 1.08 | 0.31 to 3.78 | 2 | – | – | 0.90 |
| Prostate (33) | 5 | 1.00 | 27 | 1.85 | 0.64 to 5.36 | 5 | 1.36 | 0.47 to 3.89 | 22 | 1.00 | 4 | 0.92 | 0.32 to 2.70 | 7 | 1.35 | 0.57 to 3.16 | 0.77 |
*Missing and unknown jobs excluded.
†P for continuous linear variable.
‡RRs adjusted as follows: NHL, lung cancer, bladder cancer: age, calendar decade, country, sex; multiple myeloma: age, calendar decade, sex; myeloid leukaemia: age, sex, country; kidney cancer: age, calendar decade, sex; prostate cancer: age, country; pancreatic cancer, oesophageal cancer: age.
§Includes multiple myeloma.
¶Exposure duration ≥2 years.
**Includes acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia.
NHL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; RR, rate ratio.