Table 2

The effect on musculoskeletal pain at follow-up from working conditions measured at the individual level or job exposure matrix (JEM) level

	Individual-level measurement				JEM-level measurement
	Model 1: adjusted for baseline musculoskeletal pain		Model 2: model 1 + age and education		Model 1: adjusted for baseline musculoskeletal pain		Model 2: model 1+age and education
	Difference in mean number of painful body regions*	P values	Difference in mean number of painful body regions*	P values	Difference in mean number of painful body regions*	P values	Difference in mean number of painful body regions*	P values
Continuous exposures
Physical work demands, per one point increase of score (8–48)
Men	0.03	<0.001	0.03	<0.001	0.03	<0.001	0.03	<0.001
Women	0.02	<0.001	0.02	<0.001	0.03	<0.001	0.02	<0.001
Quantitative demands, per one point increase score (1–5)
Men	−0.01	0.7146	−0.00	0.9291	−0.47	<0.001	−0.49	<0.001
Women	−0.02	0.3838	−0.00	0.9895	−0.34	<0.001	−0.26	0.0105
Emotional demands, per one point increase of score (1–5)
Men	−0.01	0.4920	0.01	0.9436	−0.16	0.0022	−0.07	0.1937
Women	0.01	0.4889	0.04	0.0483	−0.02	0.6528	0.05	0.1353
Decision authority, per one point increase of score (1–5)
Men	−0.12	<0.001	−0.12	<0.001	−0.45	<0.001	−0.44	<0.001
Women	−0.05	0.0405	−0.06	0.0251	−0.18	0.1741	−0.18	0.1924
Dichotomous expsoures†
High physical work demands
Men	0.38	<0.001	0.35	<0.001	0.91	<0.001	0.81	<0.001
Women	0.36	<0.001	0.32	<0.001	0.79	<0.001	0.70	<0.001
High quantitative demands
Men	0.00	0.9683	0.01	0.9062	−0.76	0.0011	−0.71	0.0020
Women	0.01	0.7796	0.04	0.4404	−0.71	0.0003	−0.53	0.0131
High emotional demands
Men	0.04	0.5767	0.07	0.3229	−0.32	0.1868	0.05	0.8332
Women	−0.02	0.8475	0.00	0.9900	0.40	0.4633	0.69	0.1392
Low decision authority
Men	0.28	0.0008	0.2695	0.0012	1.29	<0.001	1.04	0.0002
Women	0.16	0.0965	0.1604	0.0913	0.89	0.0413	0.54	0.2292
Job strain
Men	0.08	0.0731	0.07	0.0756	−0.13	0.5190	−0.20	0.3052
Women	0.06	0.3223	0.07	0.2202	−0.08	0.7955	0.10	0.7264
High job insecurity
Men	0.10	0.0753	0.08	0.1931	1.21	<0.001	0.80	0.0009
Women	0.10	0.0723	0.07	0.1915	0.79	0.0010	0.27	0.3046
Violence
Men	0.14	0.1919	0.18	0.0866	−0.10	0.6802	0.09	0.7041
Women	0.13	0.0563	0.16	0.0280	0.56	0.0008	0.67	<0.001

↵*The number of painful body regions ranges from 0 to 5.
†Association estimates for dichotomous exposures compare high versus low (violence and job strain: yes/no) in individual-level analyses and the risk associated with a 1% increased risk of exposure in JEM-level analyses.