The effect on musculoskeletal pain at follow-up from working conditions in participants with no pain at baseline
| Individual-level measurement | Job exposure matrix (JEM) | |||
| Difference in mean number of painful body regions* | P values | Difference in mean number of painful body regions* | P values | |
| Continuous exposures | ||||
| Physical work demands, per one point increase of score (8–48) | ||||
| Men | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.0111 |
| Women | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.0010 |
| Quantitative demands, per one point increase score (1–5) | ||||
| Men | 0.01 | 0.7141 | −0.23 | 0.1319 |
| Women | 0.04 | 0.3241 | −0.18 | 0.2400 |
| Emotional demands, per one point increase of score (1–5) | ||||
| Men | 0.00 | 0.9030 | −0.03 | 0.6799 |
| Women | 0.06 | 0.0494 | 0.05 | 0.3914 |
| Decision authority, per one point increase of score (1–5) | ||||
| Men | −0.12 | 0.0008 | −0.27 | 0.0780 |
| Women | −0.01 | 0.8668 | −0.00 | 0.9881 |
| Dichotomous expsoures† | ||||
| Job strain | ||||
| Men | 0.03 | 0.5588 | −0.07 | 0.8017 |
| Women | 0.02 | 0.8386 | 0.03 | 0.9402 |
| High job insecurity | ||||
| Men | 0.13 | 0.1729 | 0.19 | 0.5957 |
| Women | 0.11 | 0.2685 | 0.21 | 0.6230 |
| Violence | ||||
| Men | 0.09 | 0.5899 | 0.66 | 0.0598 |
| Women | 0.16 | 0.0419 | 0.43 | 0.1060 |
↵*Adjusted for baseline age and education. The number of painful body regions ranges from 0 to 5.
†Association estimates for dichotomous exposures compare high versus low (violence and job strain: yes/no) in individual-level analyses and the risk associated with a 1% increased risk of exposure in JEM-level analyses.