Table 3

Cancers caused by occupational carcinogens (n=47 agents), evaluated in IARC Monographs volumes 1–120

Cancers with sufficient evidence in humansAgentsNumber of occurrences%
LungBis(chloromethyl)ether; chloromethyl methyl ether (technical -grade); Coal-tar pitch; Sulfur mustard; Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds; Beryllium and beryllium compounds; Cadmium and cadmium compounds; Chromium (VI) compounds; Nickel compounds; Asbestos (all forms, including actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite); Particulate matter in outdoor air pollution; Silica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobalite; Soot; Welding fumes; Engine exhaust, diesel; Outdoor air pollution; Tobacco smoke, secondhand; X-radiation and Gamma-Radiation; Plutonium; Radon-222 and its decay products1923
SkinCoal-tar pitch; Mineral oils, untreated or mildly treated; Shale oils; Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds; Soot; X-radiation and Gamma-Radiation; Solar radiation; Ultraviolet radiation810
Bone, including mastoid processX-radiation and Gamma-Radiation; Plutonium; Radium-224 and its decay products; Radium-226 and its decay products; Radium-226 and its decay products56
Haematolymphatic system, including leukaemia, NHL1,3-Butadiene; Benzene; Coal-tar pitch; X-radiation and Gamma-Radiation; Formaldehyde; Lindane; Pentachlorophenol79
LeukaemiaBenzene; Coal-tar pitch; X-radiation and Gamma-Radiation34
Non-Hodgkin lymphomanNon-Hodgkin’s lymphomaFormaldehyde; Lindane; Pentachlorophenol34
Urinary bladder ortho-Toluidine; Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds; X-radiation and Gamma-Radiation; 2-Naphthylamine; 4-Aminobiphenyl; Benzidiene67
Nasal cavity and paranasal sinusAcid mists, strong inorganic; Chromium (VI) compounds; Leather dust; Nickel compounds; Wood dust56
ThyroidX-radiation and Gamma-Radiation; Radioiodines, including iodine-13122
BreastX-radiation and Gamma-Radiation11
KidneyTrichloroethylene; X-radiation and Gamma-Radiation22
LarynxAsbestos (all forms, including actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite); Acid mists, strong inorganic22
LiverPlutonium; Vinyl chloride22
NasopharynxFormaldehyde; Wood dust22
All cancers combined2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin11
Biliary tract1,2-Dichloropropane11
Brain and central nervous systemX-radiation and Gamma-Radiation11
ColonX-radiation and Gamma-Radiation11
EsophagusOesophagusX-radiation and Gamma-Radiation11
EyeUltraviolet radiation11
Malignant melanomaPolychlorinated biphenyls11
MesotheliomaAsbestos (all forms, including actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite)11
OvaryAsbestos (all forms, including actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite)11
Salivary glandX-radiation and Gamma-Radiation11
StomachX-radiation and Gamma-Radiation11
Total82100
  • IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.