Summary of multivariate* regression between Monday morning and Monday afternoon stratified by whether ENPs were handled on Monday (excluding high CRP participant’s blood results)
| Parameter | Time | All participants | Non-asthmatic participants | ||||
| Not handled on Monday, mean (SD) | Handled on Monday, mean (SD) | Mean difference in change between groups (95% CI) | Not handled on Monday, mean (SD) | Handled on Monday, mean (SD) | Mean difference in change between groups (95% CI) | ||
| Blood Results | n=50 | n=19 | n=39 | n=18 | |||
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | Monday morning | 13.9 (1.4) | 14.4 (1.4) | 13.9 (1.5) | 14.4 (1.4) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 14.0 (1.3) | 14.3 (1.3) | –0.1 (−0.3 to to 0.2) | 14.0 (1.2) | 14.3 (1.3) | –0.02 (–0.2 to to 0.2) | |
| Red cell count (×1012/L) | Monday morning | 4.6 (0.4) | 4.6 (0.5) | 4.5 (0.4) | 4.6 (0.5) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 4.6 (0.4) | 4.6 (0.5) | −0.1 (−0.1 to 0.02) | 4.5 (0.4) | 4.5 (0.5) | −0.06 (−0.1 to 0.03) | |
| White cell count (×109/L) | Monday morning | 6.2 (1.5) | 6.6 (1.5) | 6.1 (1.4) | 6.6 (1.5) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 7.0 (1.4) | 7.5 (1.9) | 0.1 (−0.6 to 0.9) | 6.9 (1.5) | 7.5 (1.9) | 0.2 (−0.6 to 1.1) | |
| Neutrophil count (×109/L) | Monday morning | 3.7 (1.3) | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.2) | 4.0 (1.0) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 4.1 (1.3) | 4.6 (1.5) | 0.15 (−0.54 to 0.83) | 4.1 (1.3) | 4.6 (1.6) | 0.12 (−0.65 to 0.88) | |
| Monocyte count (×109/L) | Monday morning | 0.47 (0.14) | 0.49 (0.14) | 0.46 (0.12) | 0.49 (0.15) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 0.55 (0.22) | 0.52 (0.16) | −0.03 (−0.15 to 0.09) | 0.51 (0.16) | 0.53 (0.16) | 0.02 (−0.05 to 0.09) | |
| Platelets (×109/L) | Monday morning | 217.1 (44.9) | 229.2 (50.6) | 217.8 (44.8) | 227.8 (51.9) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 221.3 (42.1) | 238.3 (52.2) | 1.1 (−5.1 to 7.4) | 219.6 (39.8) | 236.8 (53.3) | 2.8 (−3.9 to 9.4) | |
| Cytokines (pg/mL) | n=50 | n=19 | n=40 | n=16 | |||
| sCD40 | Monday morning | 3145 (1634) | 3417 (1888) | 3131 (1446) | 3440 (1947) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 2773 (2017) | 4685 (2217) | 1819 (557 to 3050) | 2706 (2031) | 4513 (2158) | 1528 (152 to 2903) | |
| sCD62P | Monday morning | 5022 (3092) | 5554 (2709) | 5195 (3077) | 5504 (2789) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 4378 (2736) | 5643 (2624) | 586 (−548 to 1721) | 4538 (2796) | 5508 (2640) | 160 (−1070 to 1391) | |
| sTNFR2 | Monday morning | 2746 (1119) | 2804 (1056) | 2660 (982) | 2845 (1077) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 2495 (1267) | 3425 (1438) | 1167 (418 to 1916) | 2382 (1116) | 3296 (1369) | 1001 (252 to 1750) | |
| CRP (mg/L) | n=52 | n=19 | n=41 | n=18 | |||
| CRP, median (IQR) and ratio† | Monday morning | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.3 (0.3 to 2.2) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.3 (0.3 to 2.2) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) | 0.4 (0.3 to 1.9) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.8) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.9) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4) | |
| Spirometry results | n=59 | n=17 | n=49 | n=16 | |||
| FEV1(L) | Monday morning | 3.27 (0.93) | 3.86 (0.90) | 3.25 (0.94) | 3.90 (0.91) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 3.25 (0.91) | 3.71 (0.90) | −0.16 (−0.37 to 0.06) | 3.26 (0.91) | 3.75 (0.92) | −0.16 (−0.40 to 0.08) | |
| FVC (L) | Monday morning | 4.09 (1.12) | 4.71 (1.11) | 4.02 (1.07) | 4.75 (1.14) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 4.05 (1.06) | 4.59 (1.06) | −0.13 (−0.28 to 0.03) | 4.03 (1.03) | 4.61 (1.09) | −0.11 (−0.28 to 0.06) | |
| FEV1/FVC | Monday morning | 0.80 (0.10) | 0.82 (0.06) | 0.81 (0.09) | 0.83 (0.06) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 0.81 (0.08) | 0.81 (0.06) | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03) | 0.81 (0.08) | 0.81 (0.06) | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03) | |
| FeNO (ppb) | n=68 | n=19 | n=52 | n=17 | |||
| FeNO, median (IQR) and ratio† | Monday morning | 18 (13 to 25) | 13 (11 to 23) | 18 (14 to 24) | 13 (11 to 17) | ||
| Monday afternoon | 19 (14 to 25) | 13 (11 to 27) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 19 (14 to 23) | 13 (11 to 24) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.1) | |
Note that numbers vary depending on the variable because not all of those who handled nanoparticles did so on Mondays, not all participants were present for both biological data collection sessions, not all participants provided blood samples and some spirometry results were excluded because the data did not meet quality criteria.
*All analyses adjusted for age, gender and smoking status. Spirometry results additionally adjusted for height.
†Ratio of the geometric mean in the handled on Monday group to the geometric mean in the not handled group.
CRP, C-reactive protein; ENP, engineered nanoparticle; FeNO, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide.