Associations between duration of different physical exposures throughout working life and long-term sickness absence (LTSA) and disability pension
| N | % | Long-term sickness absence | Disability pension | |||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Noise: no exposure | 3198 | 66.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Noise: less than 10 years of exposure | 495 | 10.2 | 1.62 (1.33 to 1.97) | 1.32 (1.08 to 1.62) | 2.62 (1.38 to 4.99) | 1.83 (0.94 to 3.55) |
| Noise: less than 20 years of exposure | 395 | 8.2 | 1.80 (1.45 to 2.24) | 1.23 (0.98 to 1.55) | 3.34 (1.75 to 6.35) | 2.19 (1.10 to 4.32) |
| Noise: 20 or more years of exposure | 757 | 15.6 | 1.75 (1.48 to 2.07) | 1.34 (1.13 to 1.60) | 2.57 (1.46 to 4.53) | 1.73 (0.94 to 3.19) |
| Vibration: no exposure | 4089 | 83.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Vibration (hand tool): less than 10 years of exposure | 251 | 5.1 | 1.18 (0.87 to 1.60) | 1.03 (0.75 to 1.41) | 2.98 (1.46 to 6.09) | 2.24 (1.05 to 4.77) |
| Vibration (hand tool): less than 20 years of exposure | 185 | 3.8 | 1.65 (1.20 to 2.27) | 1.15 (0.82 to 1.61) | 2.35 (0.92 to 5.96) | 1.53 (0.58 to 4.02) |
| Vibration (hand tool): 20 or more years of exposure | 361 | 7.4 | 1.70 (1.36 to 2.12) | 1.39 (1.10 to 1.76) | 2.35 (1.18 to 4.70) | 2.11 (1.01 to 4.40) |
| Lifting/carrying of heavy burdens: no exposure | 3001 | 62.1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Lifting/carrying of heavy burdens: less than 10 years of exposure | 501 | 10.4 | 1.82 (1.49 to 2.22) | 1.56 (1.26 to 1.91) | 4.48 (2.40 to 8.36) | 3.29 (1.71 to 6.34) |
| Lifting/carrying of heavy burdens: less than 20 years of exposure | 422 | 8.7 | 2.28 (1.86 to 2.80) | 1.39 (1.12 to 1.73) | 4.11 (2.09 to 8.10) | 2.00 (0.97 to 4.14) |
| Lifting/carrying of heavy burdens: 20 or more years of exposure | 910 | 18.8 | 1.99 (1.70 to 2.34) | 1.49 (1.26 to 1.77) | 3.69 (2.10 to 6.47) | 2.26 (1.20 to 4.26) |
| Pushing/pulling of heavy burdens: no exposure | 3338 | 69.1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Pushing/pulling of heavy burdens: less than 10 years of exposure | 403 | 8.3 | 1.64 (1.31 to 2.04) | 1.36 (1.08 to 1.71) | 3.41 (1.84 to 6.35) | 2.16 (1.13 to 4.14) |
| Pushing/pulling of heavy burdens: less than 20 years of exposure | 337 | 7.0 | 2.04 (1.63 to 2.55) | 1.22 (0.96 to 1.56) | 2.68 (1.29 to 5.59) | 1.08 (0.48 to 2.40) |
| Pushing/pulling of heavy burdens: 20 or more years of exposure | 753 | 15.6 | 1.81 (1.54 to 2.14) | 1.29 (1.08 to 1.55) | 2.50 (1.43 to 4.37) | 1.36 (0.73 to 2.55) |
| Back severely bended/twisted: no exposure | 3646 | 75.1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Back severely bended/twisted: less than 10 years of exposure | 328 | 6.8 | 1.61 (1.27 to 2.04) | 1.21 (0.95 to 1.54) | 4.71 (2.47 to 8.98) | 3.03 (1.55 to 5.95) |
| Back severely bended/twisted: less than 20 years of exposure | 272 | 5.6 | 2.04 (1.60 to 2.60) | 1.21 (0.93 to 1.57) | 4.98 (2.51 to 9.90) | 2.35 (1.10 to 5.02) |
| Back severely bended/twisted: 20 or more years of exposure | 612 | 12.6 | 1.84 (1.55 to 2.19) | 1.26 (1.05 to 1.53) | 4.23 (2.46 to 7.28) | 2.72 (1.50 to 4.92) |
| Back twisted/bended frequently: no exposure | 3445 | 71.1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Back twisted/bended frequently: less than 10 years of exposure | 337 | 7.0 | 1.77 (1.40 to 2.23) | 1.34 (1.05 to 1.71) | 2.65 (1.28 to 5.50) | 1.79 (0.83 to 3.85) |
| Back twisted/bended frequently: less than 20 years of exposure | 333 | 6.9 | 1.89 (1.51 to 2.38) | 1.12 (0.87 to 1.43) | 2.98 (1.48 to 6.00) | 1.41 (0.65 to 3.05) |
| Back twisted/bended frequently: 20 or more years of exposure | 733 | 15.1 | 1.79 (1.52 to 2.11) | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.53) | 3.06 (1.81 to 5.15) | 1.61 (0.88 to 2.96) |
| Repetitive frequent movements: no exposure | 3701 | 76.6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Repetitive frequent movements: less than 10 years of exposure | 295 | 6.1 | 1.57 (1.24 to 1.99) | 1.26 (0.99 to 1.62) | 2.95 (1.53 to 5.69) | 1.91 (0.93 to 3.91) |
| Repetitive frequent movements: less than 20 years of exposure | 263 | 5.4 | 1.46 (1.12 to 1.90) | 0.98 (0.75 to 1.30) | 1.82 (0.78 to 4.24) | 1.05 (0.43 to 2.57) |
| Repetitive frequent movements: 20 or more years of exposure | 573 | 11.9 | 1.38 (1.14 to 1.67) | 0.99 (0.81 to 1.22) | 1.91 (1.05 to 3.47) | 1.04 (0.52 to 2.07) |
| Dust: no exposure | 4134 | 84.8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Dust: less than 10 years of exposure | 268 | 5.5 | 1.61 (1.25 to 2.09) | 1.21 (0.92 to 1.58) | 2.42 (1.14 to 5.12) | 1.56 (0.71 to 3.43) |
| Dust: less than 20 years of exposure | 152 | 3.1 | 1.61 (1.12 to 2.32) | 1.11 (0.77 to 1.60) | 1.14 (0.28 to 4.70) | 0.61 (0.14 to 2.57) |
| Dust: 20 or more years of exposure | 321 | 6.6 | 2.15 (1.72 to 2.68) | 1.64 (1.30 to 2.08) | 3.22 (1.68 to 6.14) | 2.03 (1.00 to 4.10) |
| Toxic substances: no exposure | 4209 | 86.3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Toxic substances: less than 10 years of exposure | 261 | 5.4 | 1.45 (1.12 to 1.87) | 1.02 (0.78 to 1.33) | 2.20 (1.05 to 4.63) | 1.32 (0.61 to 2.85) |
| Toxic substances: less than 20 years of exposure | 161 | 3.3 | 1.44 (1.04 to 1.99) | 0.99 (0.70 to 1.38) | 1.80 (0.65 to 4.98) | 1.08 (0.38 to 3.10) |
| Toxic substances: 20 or more years of exposure | 247 | 5.1 | 1.50 (1.15 to 1.95) | 1.28 (0.97 to 1.69) | 1.47 (0.59 to 3.67) | 1.27 (0.49 to 3.25) |
| Welding smoke: no exposure | 4529 | 92.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Welding smoke: less than 10 years of exposure | 169 | 3.5 | 1.38 (0.98 to 1.95) | 0.98 (0.69 to 1.39) | 2.07 (0.82 to 5.19) | 1.63 (0.64 to 4.20) |
| Welding smoke: less than 20 years of exposure | 80 | 1.6 | 1.70 (1.10 to 2.64) | 1.09 (0.69 to 1.71) | 1.78 (0.43 to 7.36) | 0.89 (0.21 to 3.85) |
| Welding smoke: 20 or more years of exposure | 119 | 2.4 | 1.37 (0.94 to 2.00) | 1.03 (0.69 to 1.55) | 0.59 (0.08 to 4.26) | 0.42 (0.06 to 3.11) |
| Diesel fumes: no exposure | 4420 | 90.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Diesel fumes: less than 10 years of exposure | 152 | 3.1 | 1.19 (0.81 to 1.74) | 0.91 (0.62 to 1.33) | 1.48 (0.46 to 4.76) | 0.75 (0.22 to 2.50) |
| Diesel fumes: less than 20 years of exposure | 121 | 2.5 | 1.91 (1.32 to 2.77) | 1.22 (0.83 to 1.80) | 4.65 (2.09 to 10.33) | 1.75 (0.72 to 4.25) |
| Diesel fumes: 20 or more years of exposure | 196 | 4.0 | 1.72 (1.28 to 2.29) | 1.29 (0.96 to 1.75) | 0.77 (0.19 to 3.18) | 0.49 (0.12 to 2.06) |
Model 1: adjusted for age and gender
Model 2: model 1 + psychosocial work environment, lifestyle, chronic diseases, socioeconomic position, previous LTSA