Demographics of the survey respondents for both hospitals
| Baseline comparison | ||
|---|---|---|
| Bivariates | Study hospital (A) (N=580) % (N) or mean (SE) | Comparison hospital (B)* Weighted (N=1011) % (N) or mean (SE) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 6.5% (37) | 8.6% (189) |
| Female | 93.5% (528) | 91.4% (2016) |
| Age | 42.7 (±0.49) | 40.6 (±0.43) |
| Occupation | ||
| Staff nurse | 81.3% (470) | 85.2% (1890) |
| Patient care associate | 16.6% (96) | 10.5% (233) |
| Clinical nurse specialist | 2.1% (12) | 2.7% (61) |
| Other | 0.0% (0) | 1.5% (33) |
| Hours worked (hours) | ||
| <30 | 21.6% (125) | 20.5% (456) |
| 30–34 | 12.6% (73) | 9.0% (200) |
| 35–39 | 42.3% (245) | 38.0% (842) |
| 40–44 | 21.9% (127) | 29.0% (643) |
| Over 44 | 1.6% (9) | 3.5% (77) |
| Typical shift | ||
| Day | 35.5% (205) | 22.0% (487) |
| Evening | 7.1% (41) | 5.8% (128) |
| Night | 31.5% (182) | 21.0% (466) |
| Other | 26.0% (150) | 51.2% (1135) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic | 5.8% (33) | 3.2% (71) |
| White | 75.7% (431) | 82.1% (1814) |
| Black | 12.8% (73) | 6.6% (146) |
| Mixed race/other | 5.6% (32) | 8.1% (178) |
| Education | ||
| Grade 12/GED or less | 4.6% (26) | 1.4% (31) |
| 1–3 years of college or tech school | 21.9% (124) | 15.8% (345) |
| 4-year college degree (graduated) | 55.2% (312) | 65.1% (1423) |
| Any graduate school | 18.2% (103) | 17.7% (388) |
| Pain outcomes | ||
| Any pain | ||
| No | 20.3% (116) | 21.1% (462) |
| Yes | 79.7% (456) | 78.9% (1722) |
| Work interference | ||
| No | 69.8% (399) | 73.7% (1603) |
| Yes | 30.2% (173) | 26.3% (572) |
| Pain severity scale | 2.8 (±0.12) | 2.5 (±0.08) |
| Pain severity scale >3 | ||
| No | 54.8% (308) | 59.4% (1308) |
| Yes | 45.2% (254) | 40.6% (895) |
| Patient handling practices | ||
| SPH (1–5) | 2.3 (±0.04) | 2.4 (±0.04) |
| Unsafe patient handling scale (1–5) | 2.1 (±0.03) | 2.2 (±0.02) |
| Patient repositioning (lifts/shift) | 12.2 (±0.38) | 12.7 (±0.34) |
| SPH norms and efficacy | ||
| Work-unit SPH norms (1–5+) | 3.4 (±0.03) | 3.4 (±0.02) |
| Self-efficacy SPH device use (1–5+) | 3.5 (±0.05) | 3.6 (±0.04) |
| Other work practices | ||
| Safety practices (5Q) scale | 3.6 (±0.03) | 3.9 (±0.03) |
| Ergonomics practices (6Q) scale | 3.0 (±0.04) | 3.1 (±0.03) |
| Unit category | ||
| ER | 5.0% (29) | 8.2% (182) |
| OR | 8.3% (48) | 11.6% (257) |
| Adult medicine/surgery | 35.9% (208) | 40.9% (909) |
| Adult ICU | 16.7% (97) | 14.5% (323) |
| Stepdown | 9.5% (55) | 1.9% (42) |
| Paediatric medicine/surgery | 0.0% (0) | 3.2% (72) |
| Paediatric ICU/NICU | 5.9% (34) | 4.0% (89) |
| Psychiatry | 0.0% (0) | 2.8% (63) |
| OB–postpartum | 10.9% (63) | 7.8% (174) |
| Float pool | 6.7% (39) | 2.6% (57) |
| Orthopaedics | 1.2% (7) | 2.4% (54) |
*Sampling weights were applied to comparison Hospital B workers based on oversampling of eight study units discussed in Sorensen et al.18
ER, emergency room; GED, general education development; ICU, intensive care unit; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; OR, operating room; SPH, safe patient handling.