ORs for leptospirosis seropositivity in slaughterhouse workers examining personal history variables, health, individual slaughterhouse practices and slaughterhouse factors by univariable logistic regression
| Variable | Per cent of population (n) | Per cent of leptospirosis positive (n) | OR (95% CI) n=737 | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual factors | ||||
| Age | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03) | 0.012 | ||
| Other job | ||||
| None | 18.5 (136) | 17.6 (24) | 1 | |
| Other non-livestock | 7.2 (53) | 15.1 (8) | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.0) | 0.647 |
| Other livestock job | 4.7 (35) | 17.1 (6) | 1.0 (0.3 to 2.7) | 0.928 |
| Farmer | 28.9 (213) | 13.6 (29) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) | 0.247 |
| Butcher | 40.7 (300) | 10.7 (32) | 0.5 (0.3 to 1.0) | 0.034 |
| Goat contact outside of work | ||||
| No | 59.7 (440) | 15.0 (66) | 1 | |
| Yes | 40.3 (297) | 11.1 (33) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) | 0.133 |
| Pig contact outside of work | ||||
| No | 63.1 (465) | 15.3 (71) | 1 | |
| Yes | 36.9 (272) | 10.3 (28) | 0.6 (0.4 to 1.1) | 0.055 |
| Pigs owned | ||||
| No | 70.0 (516) | 14.7 (76) | 1 | |
| Yes | 30.0 (221) | 10.4 (23) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) | 0.135 |
| Private borehole* for water in the home | ||||
| No | 91.9 (677) | 12.9 (87) | 1 | |
| Yes | 8.1 (60) | 20.0 (12) | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.5) | 0.132 |
| HIV | ||||
| No | 87.9 (648) | 14.7 (95) | 1 | |
| Yes | 12.1 (89) | 4.5 (4) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.8) | 0.013 |
| Have wounds at the time of examination | ||||
| No | 92.4 (681) | 12.0 (82) | 1 | |
| Yes | 7.6 (56) | 30.4 (17) | 3.2 (1.7 to 6.0) | <0.001 |
| Clinic visit in past 3 months | ||||
| No | 82.5 (608) | 14.5 (88) | 1 | |
| Yes | 17.5 (129) | 8.5 (11) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.1) | 0.085 |
| Smoke (at least once a week) | ||||
| No | 76.5 (564) | 11.7 (66) | 1 | |
| Yes | 23.5(173) | 19.1 (33) | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.8) | 0.024 |
| Take alcohol (at least once a week) | ||||
| No | 37.3 (275) | 9.8 (27) | 1 | |
| Yes | 62.7 (462) | 15.6 (72) | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.7) | 0.040 |
| Job in the slaughterhouse | ||||
| Slaughterman/foreman | 21.4 (79) | 10.1 (8) | 1 | |
| Cleaner | 4.9 (36) | 13.9 (5) | 1.5 (0.4 to 5.1) | 0.555 |
| Cleans offal | 5.7 (42) | 31.0 (13) | 4.0 (1.5 to 11.2) | 0.008 |
| Flayer | 78.7 (580) | 12.6 (73) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) | 0.561 |
| Wear protective aprons | ||||
| No | 30.8 (227) | 16.7 (38) | 1 | |
| Yes | 69.2 (510) | 12.0 (61) | 0.6 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.071 |
| Eat at the slaughterhouse | ||||
| No | 80.5 (593) | 12.1 (72) | 1 | |
| Yes | 19.5 (144) | 18.8 (27) | 1.7 (1.0 to 3.0) | 0.049 |
| Antemortem inspection† | ||||
| No | 55.8 (411) | 15.8 (65) | 1 | |
| Yes | 44.2 (326) | 10.4 (34) | 0.6 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.048 |
| Slaughterhouse factors | ||||
| Number of animals slaughtered per week (increasing) | 1.02 (0.00 to 1.04)‡ | 0.151 | ||
| Roof present | ||||
| No | 18.2 (134) | 8.2 (11) | 1 | |
| Yes | 81.8 (602) | 14.6 (88) | 2.0 (1.0 to 4.2) | 0.061 |
| Walls | ||||
| No | 12.1 (89) | 6.7 (6) | 1 | |
| Yes | 87.8 (647) | 12.6 (93) | 2.4 (0.9 to 6.1) | 0.067 |
| Water source | ||||
| Borehole* | 58.8 (433) | 11.8 (51) | 1 | |
| Municipal water | 16.0 (118) | 11.9 (14) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.1) | 0.993 |
| Spring/well | 18.0 (133) | 18.0 (24) | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.4) | 0.063 |
| River | 7.2 (53) | 18.9 (10) | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.5) | 0.158 |
| Aprons worn | ||||
| No | 21.7 (160) | 19.4 (31) | 1 | |
| Yes | 78.2 (577) | 11.8 (68) | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.9) | 0.028 |
*Borehole is a deep, narrow vertical shaft in the ground used to obtain water from underground aquifers.
†Antemortem inspection is the examination of the animal before death.
‡The odds for leptospirosis seropositivity increase by 1.02 with every additional animal (cattle or pig) slaughtered each week.