Adjusted ORs* (95% CI) and Cox p values for abnormal or borderline scores on the SDQ and child concentrations of urinary pyrethroid metabolites (n=282, PELAGIE cohort, France)
| Internalising score | Externalising score | Reverse-scored prosocial behaviour | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolites (µg/L) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| 3-PBA | |||
| <0.008† | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 0.008–0.037 | 1.41 (0.73 to 2.73) | 1.52 (0.67 to 3.42) | 2.93 (1.27 to 6.78) |
| ≥0.038 | 0.70 (0.34 to 1.46) | 1.96 (0.90 to 4.30) | 1.91 (0.80 to 4.57) |
| Cox p value‡ | 0.94 | 0.04 | 0.07 |
| 4-F-3-PBA | |||
| <0.003† | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| ≥0.003 | 0.86 (0.07 to 1.28)§ | 0.55 (0.21 to 1.41)¶ | 1.35 (0.59 to 3.07) |
| Cox p value‡ | 0.71 | 0.27 | 0.34 |
| cis-DCCA | |||
| <0.067† | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 0.067–0.158 | 1.06 (0.52 to 2.15) | 0.63 (0.27 to 1.45)§ | 1.20 (0.53 to 2.71)** |
| ≥0.159 | 0.97 (0.47 to 2.03) | 0.97 (0.44 to 2.15)§ | 1.05 (0.45 to 2.56)** |
| Cox p value‡ | 0.95 | 0.80 | 0.68 |
| trans-DCCA | |||
| <0.136 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 0.136–0.409 | 1.22 (0.59 to 2.51)§ | 0.60 (0.27 to 1.33) | 0.71 (0.30 to 1.64)†† |
| ≥0.410 | 0.99 (0.47 to 2.10)§ | 0.57 (0.25 to 1.30) | 0.76 (0.32 to 1.82)†† |
| Cox p value‡ | 0.91 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
| cis-DBCA | |||
| <0.134 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 0.134–0.345 | 0.49 (0.22 to 1.13)‡‡ | 1.92 (0.29 to 1.57)‡‡ | 0.91 (0.35 to 2.34)†† |
| ≥0.346 | 1.49 (0.73 to 3.06)‡‡ | 0.82 (0.36 to 1.86)‡‡ | 2.14 (0.89 to 5.18)†† |
| Cox p value‡ | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.23 |
*Maternal education, child sex, child urinary creatinine concentration, and detection of dimethyl (DM) and diethyl (DE) phosphates in child urine samples were forced into all models.
†Limit of detection.
‡p Value for association between SDQ score and metabolite concentration provided by reverse-scale Cox regression models.
§Adjusted for maternal tobacco smoking at the beginning of pregnancy.
¶Adjusted for HOME score.
**Adjusted for child extra-curricular sport activities.
††Adjusted for child extra-curricular sport activities and child duration of television watching.
‡‡Adjusted for parity.
DCCA, dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid; HOME, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment inventory; PBA, phenoxybenzoic acid; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.