Per cent change (and 95% CIs) in cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions associated with an IQR increase in traffic-related pollutants after acute exposure (lag 1 for cardiovascular and lag 2 for respiratory diagnoses) in London, UK for 2011–2012
| CVD admissions % (95% CI) | Respiratory admissions % (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator/pollutants | 15–64 years | 65+ years | 0–14 years | 15–64 years | 65+ years |
| General traffic | |||||
| NOx | 0.86 (−0.28 to 2.02) | −0.32 (−1.19 to 0.56) | 1.06 (−0.43 to 2.57) | −0.81 (−1.92 to 0.31) | −1.76 (−2.77 to −0.74) |
| NOx—urban | 0.92 (−0.15 to 2.00) | −0.15 (−0.97 to 0.67) | 1.07 (−0.31 to 2.46) | −0.60 (−1.64 to 0.46) | −1.51 (−2.45 to −0.55) |
| Petrol vehicle exhaust | |||||
| CO | 1.59 (0.12 to 3.07) | −0.60 (−1.71 to 0.52) | 1.05 (−0.96 to 3.10) | −1.11 (−2.57 to 0.36) | −2.10 (−3.43 to −0.75) |
| CO—urban | 0.95 (−0.06 to 1.98) | −0.16 (−0.93 to 0.62) | 0.97 (−0.40 to 2.36) | 0.21 (−0.80 to 1.24) | −0.59 (−1.52 to 0.34) |
| Diesel vehicle exhaust | |||||
| EC | 1.63 (0.15 to 3.13) | 0.18 (−0.94 to 1.32) | 0.72 (−1.22 to 2.70) | −0.19 (−1.63 to 1.27) | −0.88 (−2.19 to 0.45) |
| EC—urban | 1.28 (0.17 to 2.40) | 0.14 (−0.72 to 1.00) | 1.27 (−0.21 to 2.78) | −0.03 (−1.12 to 1.08) | −0.05 (−1.04 to 0.96) |
| BC | 1.65 (0.11 to 3.21) | 0.56 (−0.61 to 1.74) | 0.86 (−1.13 to 2.88) | −0.20 (−1.71 to 1.33) | −1.09 (−2.47 to 0.31) |
| BC—urban | 0.74 (−0.47 to 1.97) | −0.04 (−0.97 to 0.89) | 1.08 (−0.50 to 2.68) | 0.44 (−0.78 to 1.66) | −0.01 (−1.10 to 1.09) |
| Vehicle non-exhaust | |||||
| Cu | 1.39 (−0.03 to 2.83) | 0.06 (−1.02 to 1.16) | 0.08 (−1.81 to 2.01) | −1.18 (−2.60 to 0.26) | −1.60 (−2.89 to −0.28) |
| Zn | 0.08 (−1.25 to 1.42) | 0.16 (−0.85 to 1.18) | −0.92 (−2.72 to 1.47) | −0.38 (−1.73 to 1.00) | −0.73 (−1.96 to 0.52) |
| Al | 0.43 (−1.18 to 2.07) | −1.14 (−2.35 to 0.09) | 0.19 (−2.22 to 2.66) | 0.82 (−0.84 to 2.50) | 1.38 (−0.15 to 2.94) |
EC/BC and metals are adjusted for PM mass.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; PM, particulate matter.